客体关系中的皮肤体验
早年Esther Bick
王蕾译
精神分析师。出生于波兰,是一名犹太人。她创始并发展出观察婴儿和年幼儿童的一套方法,这套方法同时兼顾了科学性客观性以及如何使用观察者自己的情绪经验两方面。她接受梅兰妮克莱茵的分析,并于1949年,在约翰鲍比(John Bowlby)的邀请下来到塔维斯托克中心主要负责分析性训练课程的开发,藉此机会,她得以发展出婴儿观察训练并将其发展成为精神分析训练的基础课程。虽然她留世的文章很少,但都引起很大的反响,她的思想在整个英国,直到欧洲,甚至更大范围都有重要的影响力。
作者介绍:伊斯特毕克(1901-1983),是一名内科医生和(1968). International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 49:484-486
(1968)国际精神分析期刊
The Experience of the Skin in Early Object-Relations
早年客体关系的皮肤体验
Esther Bick
作者:伊斯特.毕克
翻译:王蕾
The central theme of this brief communication is concerned with the primal function of the skin of the baby and of its primal objects in relation to the most primitive binding together of parts of the personality not as yet differentiated from parts of the body. It can be most readily studied in psychoanalysis in relation to problems of dependence and separation in the transference.
这篇短文的核心内容主要在于:婴儿皮肤的原始机能以及原初客体的原始机能,实际上涉及到最为初始的阶段是如何将人格组成的不同部分连接在一起而不是将身体的不同部位连接在一起。这个观点也可以用在精神分析研究移情中的依赖和独立。
The thesis is that in its most primitive form the parts of the personality are felt to have no binding force amongst themselves and must therefore be held together in a way that is experienced by them passively, by the skin functioning as a boundary. But this internal function of containing the parts of the self is dependent initially on the introjection of an external object, experienced as capable of fulfilling this function. Later, identification with this function of the object supersedes the unintegrated state and gives rise to the fantasy of internal and external spaces. Only then the stage is set for the operation of primal splitting and idealization of self and object as described by Melanie Klein. Until the containing functions have been introjected, the concept of a space within the self cannot arise. Introjection, i.e. construction of an object in an internal space is therefore impaired.
在最为初始的状况下,人格的组成部分如同一盘散沙,彼此之间毫无吸引力,它们只能利用皮肤的边界功能被动的被聚合在一起。但这种涵容自体各个部分的内在功能就完全仰赖于内摄一个外部客体,才有能力去完成这种内在功能。然后,对客体的认同联同上述对自体的涵容一起,将取代婴儿的非整合状态并激发出其对内在空间和外部空间的幻想。只有在这之后,婴儿才会进入梅兰妮克莱恩(Melanie Klein)所描述原始分裂和理想化(自体和客体)阶段。在涵容功能没有完成内摄之前,那么能够包含整个自体在内的空间是不会出现的。内摄功能一旦损害,内在空间中客体的结构就会被损害。
In its absence, the function of projective identification will necessarily continue unabated and all the confusions of identity attending it will be manifest.
一旦该功能缺失,投射性认同就必须以一种高强度的方式持续存在,以致于存在其中的全部认同困惑将都会被表现出来。
The stage of primal splitting and idealization of self and object can now be seen to rest on this earlier process of containment of self and object by their respective "skins".