精神分析与内观的关系
The Relationship between Mindfulness (meditation) and Psychoanalysis Randall H Paulsen, MD
Both mindfulness and psychoanalysis are disciplines of cultivating
self-knowledge.They should not be mistaken or substituted for each other,
but they can support each other.Mindfulness includes many forms but
consists of being present in the moment and being aware of one's physical
and mental experience in the moment. It is practiced often alone, with
intermittent sessions with a teacher and in group retreats. Psychoanalysis
was first developed by Sigmund Freud and has been continually revised in the
past 100 years. It is both a science of human psychological life and a
therapeutic practice to help alleviate human suffering and facilitate growth
and development. What follows is a series of reflections about the
relationship between the two disciplines.
Here are three lists to keep in mind, or perhaps return to, as you read
through these reflections. There is a list of similarities, a list of
differences, and then four evocative quotes that we will turn to at the
conclusion.
The things that mindfulness and psychoanalysis may be said to share:
1. Growth in self-knowledge by practicing a discipline of focusing
attention on certain aspects of present-moment experience.
2. Trying to minimize the judgmental qualities in self-observation.
3. Emphasizing a physicality to the practice of awareness, that is, the
movement of breath, physical sensations, emotional currents, and sensory
awareness.