奥地利认知神经心理学教授弗洛里安胡茨勒研究《蒙娜丽莎》后发现，观画者如果直视蒙娜丽莎双眼，会感觉她嘴角露出微笑，但若视线转至蒙娜丽莎嘴部，这丝微笑则会“神秘”消失。
胡茨勒说，蒙娜丽莎的微笑若隐若现，缘于达芬奇运用了渲染层次的绘画技法，使色彩中的色阶有层次地调和，从而在阴影处呈现细微变化。
按他的说法，当观画者直视蒙娜丽莎嘴部时，周围柔和的阴影层次会“中和”她的微笑表情，而当视线移至蒙娜丽莎眼部时，这种层次渲染技法又使她“重现笑容”。
“蒙娜丽莎‘隐藏’一丝微笑，”胡茨勒说，“她‘变换’表情，取决于你在她面部的视线落点。”
这项研究刊载于最新一期《心理学》Psychological Science杂志。(生物谷Bioon.com)
《蒙娜丽莎》中那微笑的女人究竟是谁？
研究称女人左半边脸比右半边脸更迷人
生物谷推荐原文出处：
Psychological Science doi: 10.1177/0956797610362192
Mona Lisa’s Smile—Perception or Deception?
Isabel Bohrn1,Claus-Christian Carbon2 and Florian Hutzler3
Florian Hutzler, Department of Psychology and Center for Neurocognitive Research, Paris-Lodron-Universit?t Salzburg, Hellbrunner Stra?e 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
What gives Mona Lisa’s smile such a mysterious quality? Livingstone (2000) has suggested that the portrait changes its expression depending on where on the portrait the observer looks. The mouth, which is the essential feature of Mona Lisa’s remarkable expression (Kontsevich & Tyler, 2004), appears to form an enigmatic smile. Due to sfumato technique (Gombrich, 2005), this impression of a smile is more prominent in the gradual luminance changes that observers perceive mainly in the periphery of their vision—that is, in low spatial-frequency ranges. It is less prominent in the fine details that observers perceive only at the center of their gaze, in high spatial-frequency ranges.1 Consequently, the subtle smile one perceives while looking at Mona Lisa’s eyes (when her mouth appears blurred) vanishes when one attempts to verify this impression by looking at the mouth with maximum visual acuity. Hence, the proposed basis for the elusive quality of Mona Lisa’s smile is that “you can’t catch her smile by looking at her mouth. She smiles until you look at her mouth” (Livingstone, 2000, p. 1299).
In this study, we simulated the phenomenon for the first time experimentally via a saccade-contingent display-change technique that allowed us to subliminally alter the expression of faces depending on the beholder’s gaze position.
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