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基本概念——什么是心理事件?
1. EXPERIENCING.
1 。体验过程。
(a) The "ing" in the term "experiencing" indicates that experience is considered as a process. (We will have to define the theoretical conceptions which go to make up a process framework.)
(a) “过程”一字在“体验”后面表明,体验被看作是一个过程。 (我们必须确定它的理论概念,可以用来建立一个进程的框架。 )
Now, of course, the above is not really a definition, since the usage of the word "experience" is currently confused and various. The field of psychology lacks a theory of experience. However, the theory of experiencing (Gendlin, 1962b) attempts to provide a process for determining a theory of experience.
当然,上述的不是一个真正的定义,因为 “体验”这个词的使用目前混乱和多样。心理学领域缺乏对于体验的理论。尽管如此,关于体验的理论(简德林, 1962b )试图提供一个决定了体验理论的过程。
Since the term "experiencing" is extremely broad, more specific terms will be defined for specific aspects of experiencing. Anything in particular which we may consider will be a particular manner or mode of experiencing, or a particular function of it, or a particular logical pattern we choose to impose. The term "experiencing," then, denotes all "experience" viewed in terms of the process framework.
因为“体验”这一术语是极其广泛,某些特定方面的体验过程将用更具体的术语来定义。我们会考虑的任何特定的东西将会是一种特定的态度(manner)或体验过程的模式,或它的某一特定功能,或我们选择强调的某个特定的逻辑模式。那么,术语“体验过程experiencing”,是指这一进程框架中所有的“体验experience”。
(b) The word "experience" in psychology, wherever employed, means concrete psychological events. The same is the case here. Experiencing is a process of concrete, ongoing events.
(b)心理学中的“体验experience”,无论在何处使用,都指具体的心理事件。这里的情况也一样。体验过程是一个具体的,进行事件的进程。
(c) Finally, by experiencing we mean a felt process. We mean inwardly sensed, bodily felt events, and we hold that the concrete "stuff" of personality or of psychological events is this flow of bodily sensing or feeling.
( c )最后,我们说的体验意味着一个感觉进程(a felt process)。我们是指内心感觉到的,身体感受到的事件,我们认为人格或心理活动的具体的“东西”,是这股流动的身体感知或感觉。
Experiencing is the process of concrete, bodily feeling, which constitutes the basic matter of psychological and personality phenomena.
体验的过程是具体的身体的感觉,它构成了基本的心理和人格现象。
2. THE DIRECT REFERENT. 2 。直接参考。
Both in social talk and in theory we so largely emphasize external events and logical meaning that it almost seems as if it were difficult to notice that, in addition to external objects and logic, we also have an inward bodily feeling or sensing. This is, of course, a commonplace that can be readily checked by anyone.
在社会对话,和在理论上我们这样大力地强调外部事件和逻辑的意义,好像几乎很难去注意到,除了外部物体和逻辑外,我们也有一个内向的身体感觉或感知。而这显然是一个任何人可以随时发现寻常事物。
At any moment he wishes, one can refer directly to an inwardly felt datum. Experiencing, in the mode of being directly referred to in this way, I term the "direct referent."
任何时刻,个人都希望,人们可以直接提及他的内心感到的数据。这种直接指向的体验,我称之为“直接指涉”。
THE THEORY 理论
Basic Concepts-What Are Psychological Events?基本概念——什么是心理事件?
1. EXPERIENCING.
1 。体验过程。
(a) The "ing" in the term "experiencing" indicates that experience is considered as a process. (We will have to define the theoretical conceptions which go to make up a process framework.)
(a) “过程”一字在“体验”后面表明,体验被看作是一个过程。 (我们必须确定它的理论概念,可以用来建立一个进程的框架。 )
Now, of course, the above is not really a definition, since the usage of the word "experience" is currently confused and various. The field of psychology lacks a theory of experience. However, the theory of experiencing (Gendlin, 1962b) attempts to provide a process for determining a theory of experience.
当然,上述的不是一个真正的定义,因为 “体验”这个词的使用目前混乱和多样。心理学领域缺乏对于体验的理论。尽管如此,关于体验的理论(简德林, 1962b )试图提供一个决定了体验理论的过程。
Since the term "experiencing" is extremely broad, more specific terms will be defined for specific aspects of experiencing. Anything in particular which we may consider will be a particular manner or mode of experiencing, or a particular function of it, or a particular logical pattern we choose to impose. The term "experiencing," then, denotes all "experience" viewed in terms of the process framework.
因为“体验”这一术语是极其广泛,某些特定方面的体验过程将用更具体的术语来定义。我们会考虑的任何特定的东西将会是一种特定的态度(manner)或体验过程的模式,或它的某一特定功能,或我们选择强调的某个特定的逻辑模式。那么,术语“体验过程experiencing”,是指这一进程框架中所有的“体验experience”。
(b) The word "experience" in psychology, wherever employed, means concrete psychological events. The same is the case here. Experiencing is a process of concrete, ongoing events.
(b)心理学中的“体验experience”,无论在何处使用,都指具体的心理事件。这里的情况也一样。体验过程是一个具体的,进行事件的进程。
(c) Finally, by experiencing we mean a felt process. We mean inwardly sensed, bodily felt events, and we hold that the concrete "stuff" of personality or of psychological events is this flow of bodily sensing or feeling.
( c )最后,我们说的体验意味着一个感觉进程(a felt process)。我们是指内心感觉到的,身体感受到的事件,我们认为人格或心理活动的具体的“东西”,是这股流动的身体感知或感觉。
Experiencing is the process of concrete, bodily feeling, which constitutes the basic matter of psychological and personality phenomena.
体验的过程是具体的身体的感觉,它构成了基本的心理和人格现象。
2. THE DIRECT REFERENT. 2 。直接参考。
Both in social talk and in theory we so largely emphasize external events and logical meaning that it almost seems as if it were difficult to notice that, in addition to external objects and logic, we also have an inward bodily feeling or sensing. This is, of course, a commonplace that can be readily checked by anyone.
在社会对话,和在理论上我们这样大力地强调外部事件和逻辑的意义,好像几乎很难去注意到,除了外部物体和逻辑外,我们也有一个内向的身体感觉或感知。而这显然是一个任何人可以随时发现寻常事物。
At any moment he wishes, one can refer directly to an inwardly felt datum. Experiencing, in the mode of being directly referred to in this way, I term the "direct referent."
任何时刻,个人都希望,人们可以直接提及他的内心感到的数据。这种直接指向的体验,我称之为“直接指涉”。