In this article,I suggest recent sources of influence on psychoanalysis and describe a contemporary relational self psychology that is my personal attempt at integration. Even with this integration, I struggle to find the right “therapeutic” balance between my essential but imperfect instrument for empathic listening, on the one hand, and the risks of authentic engagement, on the other. These dialectical tensions in me mirror those in the psychoanalytic community as a whole, poised between a scientifically based practice and a healing “art”--or between a complex but teachable methodology or discipline-- and an ordinary (yet extraordinary) human relationship in which spontaneity and even improvisation play a role. Complicating this balancing act, there is new evidence from neuroscientists, attachment theorists, and infant-caregiver researchers that, from birth onward, bidirectional influences on brain and psychic development create contingent and unpredictable outcomes in every intimately related dyad. Thus, the contemporary analyst must expect to be changed by the work and--while taking full responsibility for his or her own contribution--must recognize patient and analyst as co-creators of the psychoanalytic project. At the same time that we now recognize contingency, complexity, and chaos at the heart of human minds and relationships, we also acknowledge the central importance of a sense of continuity and coherence as the individual undertakes the pursuit of goals and relationships in life. What kind of relationship can facilitate these qualities in the sense of self? That is the question that this article undertakes to answer.
摘要
精神分析的来源,并描述当代的关系性自体心理学,这是我个人的整合尝试。即使有了这种整合,我也很难找到正确的“治疗”平衡——一方面是,我基本而又不完美共情性倾听的手段,而另一方面是真正参与的风险。对我来说,这些辩证的张力局势反映了整个精神分析共同体,介于科学的实践和治疗的“艺术”之间——或者在一个复杂而又可教导的方法论或纪律之间——以及一个普通(但非凡的)自发性甚至是即兴起作用的人类关系。使这个平衡更加复杂的行为有:来自神经学家的新证据,依恋理论家和婴儿照料的研究人员,从出生以来,对脑和心理发展的双向影响,在每个密切相关的二元组中产生偶然和不可预测的结果。因此,当代分析师必须期待工作的变化,并且——在为自己的贡献承担全部责任的同时——必须将患者和分析师认定为精神分析项目的共同创始人。同时,我们现在认识到人类心灵和关系的核心是偶然性、复杂性和混乱,我们也承认,作为个人承担追求生活中目标和关系的重要的连续感和统合感。什么样的关系可以促进自体感中的这些品质? 这就是本文试图回答的问题。
在这篇文章中,我会提出最近影响Introduction简介
Influences on psychoanalysis in recent years have come from unlikely sources including biology, physics, and postmodern philosophy, among others. Although these sources and the changes they have effected in psychoanalysis are too many to address, I shall mention a few.
最近几年,对精神分析的影响来自于一些不可信的地方,其中有:生物学、物理,还有后现代哲学。尽管这些来源和变化对精神分析的影响还有许多尚需处理,但我想先提及一些。
From biology has come a view of the mind as a nonlinear dynamic system in which small changes in any part of the system are likely to have far-reaching effects on the whole. Biological systems theory further suggests that in human relationships—including the psychoanalytic relationship—-each partner constitutes a “system" in its own right, but the two systems together form a larger and more complex system, functioning as a whole. Meanwhile from quantum mechanics have come new recognitions of randomness unpredictability, emergence, uncertainty and chaos in the “laws” of the universe, ideas that have seeped into our psychoanalytic conceptualizations of how the human mind develops and how human relationships evolve and grow. These ideas have not replaced earlier ideas concerning the organization and coherence of the human mind but are held in dialectical tension with them.