Constructions in analysis (1937d), S.E., XXIII, 257-269.
班鸠、吴张彰译
I
It has always seemed to me to be greatly to the credit of a certain well-known man of science that he treated psycho-analysis fairly at a time when most other people felt themselves under no such obligation.
一直以来,我似乎总是很感谢一个知名的科学人士的信誉,他每次都公正地看待精神分析,当大多数人都认为他们没有这个义务时。
On one occasion, nevertheless, he gave expression to an opinion upon analytic technique which was at once derogatory and unjust.
然而,在一个场合,他表达了一个关于精神分析技术的观点,这个观点当即变成了贬损的和不公正的。
He said that in giving interpretations to a patient we treat him upon the famous principle of ‘Heads I win, tails you lose’.¹ That is to say, if the patient agrees with us, then the interpretation is right; but if he contradicts us, that is only a sign of his resistance, which again shows that we are right.
他说,在给病人解释时,我们依靠“开头我赢,结尾你输”这个著名的原则治疗他。那就是说,如果病人同意我们,那么这个解释是正确,但是如果他否定我们,那仅仅是他的阻抗的标志,再次地,这个阻抗表明了我们是正确的。
In this way we are always in the right against the poor helpless wretch whom we are analysing, no matter how he may respond to what we put forward. Now, since it is in fact true that a ‘No’ from one of our patients is not as a rule enough to make us abandon an interpretation as incorrect, a revelation such as this of the nature of our technique has been most welcome to the opponents of analysis.
以这样的方式,在对抗这个我们正在分析的可怜的无助的人时,不管他如何回应我们提出的东西,我们总是正确的。现在,来自我们的病人的一个“不”通常不足以让我们把一个解释当做不正确的而抛弃,因为这个事实,所以一个对我们的技术的性质的揭露,比如这个,是最受精神分析的对手欢迎的。
It is therefore worth while to give a detailed account of how we are accustomed to arrive at an assessment of the ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ of our patients during analytic treatment - of their expression of agreement or of denial. The practising analyst will naturally learn nothing in the course of this apologia that he does not know already.
因此,给出一个详细的关于“在精神分析治疗中,我们如何习惯地去达成一个对我们的病人的“是”或“否”的评估—他们的同意或者否定的表达”的评估的描述,是很值得的。在这份他还不知道的辩解文的过程中,开业的分析家将不会了解到任何东西。
It is familiar ground that the work of analysis aims at inducing the patient to give up the repressions(using the word in the widest sense) belonging to his early development and to replace them by reactions of a sort that would correspond to a psychically mature condition.
精神分析这项工作的目的在于引导病人放弃属于他早期发展的压抑(用这个广泛意义上的词),而采用一种符合心理成熟的条件的反应来代替这些压抑。这是熟悉的地方。
With this purpose in view he must be brought to recollect certain experiences and the affective impulses called up by them which he has for the time being forgotten.
从这个目的来考虑,他(病人)必须被引导回忆起一些确定的经历和这些经历所唤起的他一直忘记了的情感冲动。
We know that his present symptoms and inhibitions are the consequences of repressions of this kind: thus that they are a substitute for these things that he has forgotten
我们知道,他现在的症状和抑制是这种压抑的结果。因此,这些症状和抑制是那些他忘记了的东西的代替品。
What sort of material does he put at our disposal which we can make use of to put him on the way to recovering the lost memories?
在这些我们能够用来恢复他失去的记忆的处理中,他表达了什么样的材料?
All kinds of things. He gives us fragments of these memories in his dreams, invaluable in themselves but seriously distorted as a rule by all the factors concerned in the formation of dreams.
各种各样的东西。在他的梦中,他给我们这些(忘记的)记忆的碎片,这些是对他们自己来说极其珍贵的、但通常被与梦之形成有关的因素严重扭曲的碎片。
Again, he produces ideas, if he gives himself up to ‘free association’, in which
we can discover allusions to the repressed experiences and derivatives of the suppressed affective impulses as well as of the reactions against them
如果他可以让自己处于自由联想的状态中,而在其中我们能够发现,对被压抑的经历和被抑制的情感冲动的派生物也就是对抗这些情感冲动的反应的提及,那么再次地,他就产生了思想。
And, finally, there are hints of repetitions of the affects belonging to the repressed material to be found in actions performed by the patient, some fairly important, some trivial, both inside and outside the analytic situation