心理学书籍 » 梦的解析:英文版

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梦的解析:英文版

  在本书中,弗洛伊德一方面强调了梦是无意识欲望的表达,但另一方面又指出了这种表达并不是肆无忌惮、直截了当的,而是经过修饰改装过后的表达。进而,弗洛伊德对梦作出立体的理解,并通过大量梦例的分析,探讨了梦如何对愿望进行改装的方法,即所谓梦的工作。

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作者:弗洛伊德
出版社:外语教学与研究出版社 1998-4-1
ISBN:7560013619
定价:16.9

编辑推荐

虽然弗洛伊德最初只是一位精神分析学家,其影响远远超出了专业学术领域,而成为20世纪为数不多的具有世界性知名度的人物之一:一方面他受到过来自世界各地和各个不同领域的许多善意和恶意的批语、指责,但另一方面,随着时间的推移,他也得到了越来越多的人的理解、赞誉,获得了越来越高的评价和地位,有人将弗洛伊德与爱因斯坦、哥白尼并列为20世纪最有影响力的人物,有人以弗洛伊德理论的出现为标志将人类的认识历史划分为前后两个时期 。

书摘

The dream-work often succeeds in representing very refractory material, such as proper names, by means of the forced exploitation of very remote relations. In one of my dreams old Brücke has set me a task. I make a preparation, and pick something out of it which looks like crumpled tinfoil.(I shall return to this dream later.) The corresponding association, which is not easy to find, is stanniol, and now I know that I have in mind the name of the author Stannius, which appeared on the title-page of a treatise on the nervous system of fishes, which in my youth I regarded with reverence. The first scientific problem which my teacher set me did actually relate to the nervous system of a fish-the Ammocoetes.
Obviously, this name could not be utilised in the picture-puzzle.
Having realised, as a result of analysing the dream of Irma's injection, that the dream was the fulfilment of a wish, we were immediately interested to ascertain whether we had thereby discovered a general characteristic of dreams, and for the time being we put aside every other scientific problem which may have
suggested itself in the course of the interpretation. Now that we have reached the goal on this one path, we may turn back and select a new point of departure for exploring dream-problems, even though we may for a time lose sight of the theme of wishfulfilment, which has still to be further considered.
Now that we are able, by applying our process of interpretation, to detect a latent dream-content whose significance far surpasses that of the manifest dream-content, we are naturally impelled to return to the individual dream-problems, in order to see whether the riddles and contradictions which seemed to elude us when we had only the manifest content to work upon may not now be satisfactorily solved.
The opinions of previous writers on the relation of dreams to waking life, and the origin of the material of dreams, have not been given here. We may recall however three peculiarities of the memory in dreams, which have often been noted, but never explained:
1. That the dream clearly prefers the impressions of the last few days (Robert, Strümpell, Hildebrandt; also Weed-Hallam);
2. That it makes a selection in accordance with principles other than those governing our waking memory, in that it recalls not essential and important, but subordinate and disregarded things;
3. That it has at its disposal the earliest impressions of our childhood, and brings to light details from this period of life, which, again, seem trivial to us, and which in waking life were believed to have been long since forgotten.
These peculiarities in the dream's choice of material have, of course, been observed by previous writers in the manifest dreamcontent.
C. THE MEANS OF REPRESENTATION IN DREAMS
Besides the two factors of condensation and displacement in dreams, which we have found to be at work in the transformation of the latent dream-material into the manifest dream-content, we shall, in the course of this investigation, come upon two further conditions which exercise an unquestionable influence over the
selection of the material that eventually appears in the dream. But first, even at the risk of seeming to interrupt our progress, I shall take a preliminary glance at the processes by which the interpretation of dreams is accomplished. I do not deny that the best way of explaining them, and of convincing the critic of their
reliability, would be to take a single dream as an example, to detail its interpretation, as I did (in Chapter Two) in the case of the dream of Irma's injection, but then to assemble the dreamthoughts which I had discovered, and from them to reconstruct the formation of the dream - that is to say, to supplement dream-analysis by dream-synthesis. I have done this with several specimens for my own instruction; but I cannot undertake to do it here, as I am prevented by a number of considerations (relating to
'If only it were always possible to interpret dreams correctly, as you have just done with mine!' said the friend.
'That is certainly not an easy task, but with a little attention it must always be possible to the dreamer. - You ask why it is generally impossible? In your case there seems to be something veiled in your dreams, something unchaste in a special and exalted fashion, a certain secrecy in your nature, which it is difficult to fathom; and that is why your dreams so often seem to be without meaning, or even nonsensical. But in the profoundest sense, this is by no means the case; indeed it cannot be, for a man is always the same person, whether he wakes or dreams.'
the psychic material necessary for such a demonstration) such as any right-thinking person would approve. In the analysis of dreams these considerations present less difficulty, for an analysis may be incomplete and still retain its value, even if it leads only a little way into the structure of the dream. I do not see how a synthesis, to be convincing, could be anything short of complete. I could give a complete synthesis only of the dreams of such persons
as are unknown to the reading public. Since, however, neurotic patients are the only persons who furnish me with the means of making such a synthesis, this part of the description of dreams must be postponed until I can carry the psychological explanation of the neuroses far enough to demonstrate their relation to our
subject. This will be done elsewhere.
We will at last turn our attention to the fourth of the factors participating in dream-formation.
If we continue our investigation of the dream-content on the lines already laid down - that is, by examining the origin in the dream-thoughts of conspicuous occurrences - we come upon elements that can be explained only by making an entirely new assumption. I have in mind cases where one manifests astonish-ment, auger, or resistance in a dream, and that, too, in respect of part of the dream-content itself Most of these impulses of criticism in dreams are not directed against the dream-content, but prove to be part of the dream-material, taken over and fittingly applied, as I have already shown by suitable examples. There are, however, criticisms of this sort which are not so derived: their correlatives cannot be found in the dream-material. What, for instance, is meant by the criticism not infrequent in dreams: 'After all, it's only a dream'? This is a genuine criticism of the dream, such as I might make if I were.awake. Not infrequently it is only the prelude to waking; even oftener it is preceded by a painful feeling, which subsides when the actuality of the dream-state has been affirmed. The thought: 'After all, it's only a dream' in the dream itself has the
same intention as it has on the stage on the lips of Offenbach's Belle Helene; it seeks to minimise what has just been experienced, and to secure indulgence for what is to follow. It serves to lull to sleep a certain mental agency which at the given moment has every occasion to rouse itself and forbid the continuation of the dream, or the scene. But it is more convenient to go on sleeping and to tolerate the dream, 'because, after all, it's only a dream'. I imagine that the disparaging criticism: 'After all, it's only a dream,' appears in the dream at the moment when the censorship, which is never quite asleep, feels that it has been surprised by the already admitted dream. It is too late to suppress the dream, and the agency
therefore meets with this remark the anxiety or painful emotion which rises into the dream. It is an expression of the esprit d'escalier on the part of the psychic censorship.
……

目录

1. The Scientific Literature of Dream-Problems (up to 1900)
2. The Method of Dream Interpretation
3. The Dream as a Wish-Fulfilment
4. Distortion in Dreams
5. The Material and Sources of Dreams
6. The Dream-Work
7. The Psychology of the Dream-Processes

弗氏原序(第一版)

我尝试在本书中描述“梦的解析”;相信在这么做的时候,我并没有超越神经病理学的范围。因为心理学上的探讨显示梦是许多病态心理现象的第一种;它如歇斯底里性恐惧、强迫性思想、妄想亦是属于此现象,并且因为实际的理由,很为医生们所看重。由后遗症看来,梦并没有实际上的重要性;不过由它成为一种范例的理论价值来看,其重要性却相对地增加不少。不管是谁,如果他不能解释梦中影像的来源,那么他也极不可能会了解恐惧症、强迫症或是妄想,并且不能借此给病人带来任何治疗上的影响。
不过形成本论题的重要性的原因亦应为本著作无法完全负责的原因——这本书里常常有许多失落的线索,以致我的论述常常不得不中断;其数目不亚于梦的形成和那比较容易被了解的病态心理问题两者间所存在的许多相关点。关于这些问题,我不拟在此书中加以讨论,不过如果时间和精力允许,并且能够得到更多的资料,那么我以后将陆续地加以探讨。
造成发表本书困难的另一个原因是那些运用来说明“梦的解析”的材料的特殊性。在阅读本书时,大家自然会明白为什么那些刊载于文献上,或者来源不明的梦都能够加以利用。只有本人以及那些接受我心理治疗的病患的梦才能够有资格被选用。我放弃病人的梦不用,因为其梦形成的程序由于现存的神经质特征而有不必要的混杂。不过在发表自己的梦时,我又不可避免地要将许多私人的精神生活呈露在众人面前——超过我所愿意做的,或者可以说,超过任何科学家发表其论述时所要牵涉到的私人事情(当然在诗人就不一样)。这是我的痛苦,但却是必要的;与其完全地舍弃了提供对这心理学上发现的证据,我宁可选择后者。但自然的,我无法避免以省略或以替代品来取代我的一些草率行为。然而这么一来,它的价值就减低了不少。我只希望读者能设身处地站在我的困难立场上想一想,多多包涵;另外,如果有谁发现我的梦涉及他时,请允许我在梦中生活有这自由思想的权利。
弗洛伊德(1900年)

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弗洛伊德 精神分析

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