译者:斑鸠
The technical rules which I am putting forward here have been arrived at from my own experience in the course of many years after unfortunate results had led me to abandon other methods. It will easily be seen that they (or at least many of them) may be summed up in a single precept. My hope is that observance of them will spare physicians practising analysis much unnecessary effort and guard them against some oversights. I must however make it clear that what I am asserting is that this technique is the only one suited to my individuality; I do not venture to deny that a physician quite differently constituted might find himself driven to adopt a different attitude to his patients and to the task before him.
我正要提出的这些技术规则,是在那些令人遗憾的结果促使我放弃了其他的方法之后,在许多年的过程中,从我自己的经验里总结得出的。这会很容易看到,它们(或者至少是它们中的许多)是用一个单一的规则总结出来的。我的希望是,对这些规则的遵守会节省开业从事精神分析的医生的许多精力,并且会防止他们的一些疏忽。然而,我必须澄清,我正在主张的东西是这个仅适合我个人的技术。我不敢否认说,一个(理论)构成十分不同医生可能会感觉自己受到驱使而对他的病人和他眼前的任务采取一种不同的态度。
(a) The first problem confronting an analyst who is treating more than one patient in the day will seem to him the hardest. It is the task of keeping in mind all the innumerable names, dates, detailed memories and pathological products which each patient communicates in the course of months and years of treatment, and of not confusing them with similar material produced by other patients under treatment simultaneously or previously. If one is required to analyse six, eight, or even more patients daily, the feat of memory involved in achieving this will provoke incredulity, astonishment or even commiseration in uninformed observers. Curiosity will in any case be felt about the technique which makes it possible to master such an abundance of material, and the expectation will be that some special expedients are required for the purpose.
记忆之壮举会在无知的观察者中引起怀疑、惊讶甚至同情。无论如何,对于能够掌控如此多的材料的技术,(我们)都会感到好奇,并且会预想,为了这个目的会需要一些特殊的策略。
这第一个问题,是在一天之中治疗超过一个病人的分析师面临的问题,对他来说似乎是最困难的问题。那是一个记住所有的数不清的名字、日期、详细的回忆和由疾病引起的产物之任务,而这些产物是每个病人在治疗的成年累月的过程中传达的;还是一个不把这些产物与其他病人在治疗下同时或先前产生的相似材料相混淆的任务。如果我们每天需要分析6个、8个或者更多的病人,那么,完成这个任务所需要的The technique, however, is a very simple one. As we shall see, it rejects the use of any specialexpedient (even that of taking notes). It consists simply in not directing one’s notice to anything in particular and in maintaining the same ‘evenly-suspended attention’ (as I have called it) in the face of all that one hears. In this way we spare ourselves a strain on our attention which could not in any case be kept up for several hours daily, and we avoid a danger which is inseparable from the exercise of deliberate attention.
然而,这是一个非常的简单的技术。如同我们会看到的,它拒绝使用任何特殊的策略(即使是谈话记录的策略)。这个技术仅仅在于:尤其不要把我们的注意力引向任何东西和在面对我们听到的所有的东西时保持相同的“均匀-悬浮注意力”(如同我已经称呼它的)。以这个方式,我们避免了我们的注意力上的紧张,我们的注意力无论如何不可能每天都保持几个小时,并且我们避免了一种危险,这种危险和故意的注意是分不开的。