本文翻译自《The therapist's answer book》
Problem 2 When Do I Say It? (Diagnosis)
问题2 我什么时候说？（诊断）

After hearing people’s problems, you are faced with a choice: Should you intervene supportively or interpretively?
在听了人们的问题后，你要面对一个选择：你应该做的是支持还是解释？

SHORT ANSWER简短的回答

Use explanatory (interpretive) techniques (Problem 1) more or less exclusively when the following are intact:
当来访者以下功能完整的时候，多多少少的使用解释性（诠释性）技术：

理论

To try to explain people’s conflicts, they need
试图解释人们的冲突，他们需要具备

AIRS: Abstraction, Integration, Reality testing, Self-preservation
AIRS：抽象、整合、现实检验、自我保护

ARTS: Affect tolerance, Regulation of impulses, Trust, Superego(conscience)
ARTS：情感容忍、调节冲动、信任、超我（道德良心）

• understanding symbolism (abstraction ability),
  理解象征化（抽象能力）
• organization of thought (integration),
  思维的组织（整合）
• relation to reality,
  现实关系
• self-preservation (not harming themselves),
  自我保护（不会伤害自己）
• emotional controls (“affect regulation”),
  情绪控制（情感调节）
• capacity for trust (“object relations”), and
  信任能力（客体关系）
• conscience (“superego”).
  良心（超我）

Use medication and/or supportive/relational techniques more or less exclusively when there are serious lapses in
当来访者的以下方面有严重缺陷时，多多少少使用药物/支持性的相关技术：：

• abstraction,
  抽象化
• organization of thought,
  思维组织
• reality functions,
  现实检验
• capacity for trust, and/or
  信任的能力，和/或
• capacities for
  以下能力
  • impulse control (like alcohol abuse or sexual addiction) and
    冲动控制（如酒精滥用或性瘾）以及
  • emotional control.
    情绪控制

Use cognitive-behavioral techniques for people’s problems with perspectives
使用以下认知技术为人正确看待人们的问题

• about reality,
  关于现实
• about themselves,
  关于他们自己
• about the future,
  关于未来
• about people with whom they are involved, and
  关于与他们有关的人，以及
• factors that overwhelmed them with anxiety.
  让他们有压倒性焦虑的因素

TIP小技巧

• Medicate deficits 药物治疗缺陷
• Explain conflicts 解释冲突