Bion’s theory of container/contained 比昂的容器/内容物

Bion made use of Klein’s ideas on projective identification and broadened them into a general model of psychic development in his theory of ‘container/ contained’. The question that preoccupied him was what happens to the excreted, undigested elements in a primitive psychic organization (ss-elements in Bion, ‘hate-filled’ excrements in Klein) when they are taken up by a receptive structure (container). In a number of papers (Bion, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1962a, 1963, 1965, 1970), he showed that these elements undergo a transformation in the receptive organization (containment) before they can be re-introjected（再摄） in a modified form as building blocks of symbol formation (a-elements). Bion (1962b) called this process of transformation a-function and related it to the mother’s anticipatory, intuitive understanding (reverie（入神）).

比昂利用克莱因关于投射认同的观点并在他的“容器/内容物”理论中将这些观点扩展为一个更加通用的精神发展模型。比昂关注的问题是原始精神组织中被排泄出去、未消化的元素（比昂称为贝塔元素，克莱因称为“充满恨”的排泄物）被一个涵容性结构（容器）吸收时，这些元素会怎么样。在许多论文(Bion, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1962a, 1963, 1965, 1970)中，比昂提出这些元素在涵容性组织中（容纳）被转化之后，这个修正后的版本被再摄为象征形成的结构性组件（阿尔法元素）。比昂（1962b）称这个转化过程为阿尔法功能，与母亲的预期的、直觉性的理解有关（入神）。

In the analytic process this means that the relationship container/contained will be decisive for the vicissitude of the projective identification. In the best-case scenario primitive emotional experiences (b-elements), hardly distinguishable from sensory impressions, will be transformed into a-elements, to make it possible for them to be used as building blocks of symbol formation in further psychological development. This transformation takes place under the influence of love (L), hate (H) and knowledge (K).It coalesces around a ‘selected fact’ which organizes the developing meaning and is linked to the fluctuation between the paranoid–schizoid （ps偏执分裂位）and the depressive position （d抑郁位）. In the course of this, the proto-symbolic elements (a-elements) as well as the transformations taking place in the container, i.e. the capacity for symbol formation (a-elements), will be introjected.

在分析过程中，这就意味着容器/内容物的关系对投射认同的变迁具有决定性的作用。在理想的分析场景中，原先几乎无法和感知觉区分开的情感体验（贝塔元素）将会被转化成阿尔法元素，这就使得这些情感体验有可能在心理发展中成为象征形成的结构性组件。这种转化是在L爱、H恨和K认知的共同影响下发生的。 转化结合了一个“被挑选的事实”，它形成发展中的意义并与ps位和d位之间的摆荡有关。在这个过程中，原初象征性元素（阿尔法元素）以及在容器内所发生的这些转化，例如象征形成（阿尔法元素）的能力，将被再摄。

According to Bion’s model a failure of this process of transformation may have different causes:

根据比昂的模型，转化过程的失败可能具有如下几个原因：

- It can be based on the strength of the projection or the projective elements under the influence of envy (-K) or unbearable frustration, which does not allow for a growing relationship between container and contained.  (See Bion, 1962b, pp. 95–9, in particular his ideas on bizarre objects, pp. 11, 58, and on the b-screen, pp. 22–4.) 可能是因为投射或投射物的强度，在嫉妒（-K）或者是不可忍受的挫折的影响下，不允许在容器和内容物之间有持续发展的关系。

- It may be due to the container’s inadequate receptiveness and capacity to transform. The analyst refuses to accept certain experiences in the countertransference or gets stuck in the countertransference.可能是由于容器没有足够的接受能力、不能进行转化。分析者拒绝接受某些反移情或者陷在反移情中。

- There may also be disturbances in the process of re-introjection, which Bion did not deal with in much detail.可能是由于在再摄的过程中有干扰，对于这一点比昂没有详细讨论。

Some aspects of Bion’s views on symbolization of emotional experiences touch on more recent empirical findings on mentalization of primitive affective states in early child development (Fonagy et al., 2002). However, they were developed on the basis of clinical experience and presume the context of the theory of thinking developed by Bion. 

比昂关于情感体验象征化的观点，某些部分更多地涉及到近期在儿童早期原始情感状态的心理化过程的经验性发现。可是这些也在比昂的临床经验上得到发展并推测思维发展的情境。

R. Money-Kyrle (1956, 1960) had presented a detailed model of the working through of the countertransference in his work preceding Bion’s formulation of the concept of container/contained.Like Bion, he describes the countertransference as a process of transformation, but in contrast to Bion he concentrates on the analyst’s internal processes. 

在比昂形成容器/内容物概念之前，R R. Money-Kyrle (1956, 1960) 就已经呈现了一个反移情修通模型。和比昂一样，Kyrle形容反移情就是转化的过程，但是和比昂相反，他关注分析师的那些内在过程。

（待续...)

标签： 投射性认同  投射  认同  反移情