Carol O Eckerman心理学空间Y9F*B'[ J,@V/lB]
Professor Emeritus
:f~Z,A:?*d'ONL N]0Psychology and Neuroscience心理学空间,?o'^]|'?&X
214 Soc-Psych心理学空间%gbA\Y
Mailing Address: 214 Soc-Psych Durham, NC 27708
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Y7V2kl`!z)U/S,H(o0cecker@duke.edu
*me/F+O;|^\f'gpk0Research Summary
F TNB7OW]0Premature Infants and Communication Skills
8k o [-ZI0Research Description
0UmMuS;X!EQUOf0My research focuses upon delineating processes of developmental change, creating explanatory models of how biological, behavioral, and social-cultural factors act together in development, and detailing how developing organism's own modes of functioning shape their subsequent paths of development. I address these issues mainly through the study of how human newborns become transformed into three-year-olds who have mastered several of the basic forms of cooperative action valued within their culture (e.g., social games, verbal conversations, cooperative problem-solving). Four interrelated lines of inquiry are ongoing. The first relates differences among very-prematurely-born infants in early central nervous system development to their paths of social-communicative development over the first two years of life. The second uses classical eyeblink conditioning paradigms to better characterize the behavioral differences between preterm and full-term infants in terms of cognitive, attentional, and arousal processes. The third asks whether the pivotal roles of imitative behavior in the early communicative development of USA toddlers also occur for the Seltaman toddlers of Papua New Guinea. The fourth details children's communicative and memory skills and the social experiences that facilitate their transition from being effective communicators about present events to their becoming effective communicators about past events.
{8Z{bCQ^0Education心理学空间A @/?b WBmK
心理学空间A#j3\!yw1w.R
PhD,
^'p _gQ0Psychology,
2xv$T3gXZb0Columbia University,心理学空间m'FD#UN/l
1968心理学空间3E(Q
jP }
心理学空间&oO%a0C!RU/|
M.A.,
kFLYnf0Psychology,心理学空间
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Columbia University,心理学空间 M4k7o [*L\2L
1966心理学空间!V8mfz#V0W s
心理学空间,TB!AD'v;bz4K6a
A.B. (with Honors),
u G+k5D@a#[J0Psychology,
&l3f B f7up2G0The College of Wooster,
O1{!o [/Ou G01963心理学空间W?LR;EN(R|
Recent Publications心理学空间+{ ^%Y[ k.D6a|(P
　

Journal Articles
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)MD%pk#Stq@0Peterman, K., & Eckerman, C.O..
^ ]] _8m'E1d0(under review). 心理学空间av*] Q1?Xdmf0A7B/y
Sharing is important: The function of self-disclosure in the peer conversations of five-year-olds.
;Jo6['E7lSr-S*l1I{0.心理学空间4vz.r@G#Z0_Z4{
心理学空间,wM_6q8s#Ox#ll
Herbert, J., Eckerman, C. O., Goldstein, R.F., & Stanton, M.E..
J~wJg+_ j U6ZZ3}0(2004). 心理学空间9r;b ? IC+`5[ jM
Contrasts in infant classical eyeblink conditioning as a function of premature birth.
G+QgP0m:Y)h0Infancy
9jUMb3c![&j$VV!U0,
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i05 
Z4E
\ SrUQ6W+`0(3) 心理学空间2m+S*A1mwG
.
,F"@7J{ r!{s2]#B0心理学空间M&G4?S
?2[a:[
Herbert, J., Eckerman, C.O., & Stanton.
.`h"lGwXe4LB5\0(2003). 心理学空间)W N#bsx-m
The Ontogeny of Human Learning in Delay, Long-Delay, and Trace Eyeblink Conditioning.心理学空间3LucN r
Behavioral Neuroscience
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m9I&H\:Az0117 心理学空间
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(6) 心理学空间ZeV9l:~#\
.心理学空间 A)D T&j9[0P7]
心理学空间L4N u|s8V)d&S
Claflin, D.I., Herbert, J., Greer, J., Eckerman, C.O., & Stanton, M.E..心理学空间JL0bAXg)[,sS
(2002). 心理学空间MY5E:Xqt2E]
A Delay-Interval Study of Classical Eyeblink Conditioning in 5-Month Human Infants.
i5rqh6pmV`R0Developmental Psychobiology心理学空间n:g#i8x0fl3qN
, 心理学空间V%U`5`~X [
41 心理学空间3y:nR#|{'[dd's |7UW
, 
:sC0W;U3q$eP#n.O-sA1E0329-340.
m/sb/a4AO V0
2VL*r1jh]8p2h0Didow, S.M. & Eckerman, C.O..心理学空间 Or*Y6ca7I@AW
(2001). 心理学空间5XqFXIh
Toddler Peers: From Nonverbal Coordinated Action to Verbal Discourse.心理学空间ypRn,F5m
Social Development心理学空间;ot8G*l9bD,J
, 心理学空间|pN| M;n$c O)V7L
10 
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ep5J_0Al
y0170-188.心理学空间#a&m/nE4Hn
q`

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DL0Haden, C.A., Ornstein, P.A., Eckerman, C.O., & Didow, S.M..
a2n0E/R'].vk(a._0(2001). 心理学空间]_ Jl^)X1|
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Mother-Child Conversational Interactions as Events Unfold: Linkages to Subsequent Remembering.
EoY1]8`1u0Child Development心理学空间1^ q5l1Nn*Jo5{
{&F
, 
V'M&Bc |"J s^072 
)Ql U2{-X:j0, 心理学空间l1Z7pK-c
1016-1031.
5S7G!dSD0
!c`?SJi0Ivkovitch, D., Collins, K.L., Eckerman, C.O., Krasnegor, N.A., & Stanton, M.E..心理学空间DSk*`-\k0@Dd(}
(1999). 心理学空间A#J\cTm z5a
Classical Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in 4- and 5-Month-Old Infants.
{1zL3H~Bwut V0Psychological Science心理学空间
B9x3H/]-p)gPRM
, 心理学空间btB9X1sZ
10 
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/m5d9C9^cu7`E3C04-8.心理学空间U9a ]0lF
心理学空间1]~Ic&y h w b
C.O. Eckerman & Whitehead, H..心理学空间S$z;mT-F~Q#E
(1999). 
7UV5h${6X+uJ ~(X7m0How Toddler Peers Generate Coordinated Action: A Cross-Cultural Exploration.心理学空间*k9AE,f_l }*U
Early Childhood Education心理学空间H3wb3nJ6L(e6GU
.
r:{S1p]R i|5|0心理学空间(mN5{3o4u
B;\5L
C.O. Eckerman, Hsu, H-C., Molitor, A., & Leung, E.H.L..心理学空间I&YQz+x5`
(1999). 
y;}.WL?Lha"m0Infant Arousal in an En-Face Exchange with a New Partner: Effects of Prematurity and Preinatal Biological Risk.
?n*WtD|u7{a.B0Developmental Psychology
W-Z/Ts_0Q#ln0, 心理学空间/ZnG,ki$b4mu
35 
?#cU&Idr5N0, 心理学空间aNco5mia$i
282-293.心理学空间 X DZf7V)^q

nFGs2s#H0Eckerman, C.O., & Didow, S.M..
B%n C'ed d0(1996). 心理学空间 H*Zwcc[E
Nonverbal imitation and toddlers' mastery of verbal means of achieving coordinated action.心理学空间AZ:^1Su%o\c#WR(p
Developmental Psychology

Y A G Y{t4Fvn*X0, 
iU#Kd0\,M032 心理学空间 xa2Bq^
, 
Np8Tt"t4n*~n0141-152.心理学空间S
`+L%P%\6|c1A4|#d(A}
心理学空间-s*qoZ6x4t(EGy
Eckerman, C.O., Oehler, J.M., Hannan, T.E., & Molitor, A..
V
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s0(1995). 心理学空间#@ u4C DV4Y gR!VE
The development prior to term age of very-prematurely-born newborns' responsiveness in En Face exchanges.心理学空间n}} TU-g.jb
Infant Behavior and Development
t^q Y&A0, 心理学空间xeJ1zR%CE+l
18 心理学空间\T$A;Il$`y5k
,心理学空间${JD(HN1} ]
283-297.心理学空间/_9w0CIG
心理学空间P8`;nD&S\
Eckerman, C.O., Oehler, J.M., Medvin, M.B., & Hannan, T.E..心理学空间+P:V#L'gV4s JJ
I
(1994). 心理学空间}^Klqf*BT!u
Premature newborns' behavior as social partners before term age.心理学空间x'w&E l w8p
Infant Behavior and Development
5ywha4j z'Wr0, 心理学空间z C$sD] AJ
17 
Ps!B1]&[7ps4q0, 心理学空间4}(o7^t h1}X
55-70.心理学空间;epk4Os @3j bu

B5?I4a_E0Brazy, J.E., Eckerman, C.O., Oehler, J.M., Goldstein, R.F., & O'Rand, A.M..
0}Fh K&@U9gn)N}(D0(1991).
~~!Gg*W ],E0Nursery neurobiologic risk score: Important factors in predicting outcome in very low birth weight infants.心理学空间c,J,u!S$F8w6X;i8Q
The Journal of Pediatrics
b#@"k'_WED4}2f2f0, 心理学空间l/[gSe,hDC
118 心理学空间1?/| K[H)E
, 心理学空间 KrR^l6\L{
783-792.
.? F(wuj7[~+E;d
}0心理学空间P-RE
rL#^
Eckerman, C.O., & Stein, M.R..
Q8A4j,A9Y#C|k0(1990). 
_x9x,ks4@ };e1M0How imitation begets imitation and toddlers' generation of games.
+?"dD)kX(]x\Z)~0Developmental Psychology
6U8Y/x$|%B0, 

ZJ `pt&{026 心理学空间XgzLZOKL3g@
, 心理学空间8`V*e/q,{i+u6B/b
370-378.
)KY8]*EU"V(Xd0
-\'~
w;DVb D4d0Eckerman, C.O., Davis, C.C., & Didow, S.M..心理学空间a)XX3YV M!tKn
(1989). 心理学空间~tt5PY8R| J
Toddlers' emerging ways of achieving social coordinations with a peer.心理学空间 KRoZ0S;O&JFbTo8j
Child Development
M7q R6[M+k/bN0, 
K9eE)`D1oR060 心理学空间(gW9ND"zF
, 心理学空间clH2x+X:cG'V1XK
440-453.心理学空间9Ri5z3_$a e0N1[ I
心理学空间m/u N$oA0]3]2i!L
Eckerman, C.O., & Didow, S.M..心理学空间%{0Q;^oNe
(1989). 
k"e2_K;`0Toddlers' social coordinations: Changing responses to another's invitation to play.
F(|V| s V0Developmental Psychology心理学空间~;En^%kN
, 
DY!p!OlL025 
Rs2guf]0, 心理学空间G |%En!`.BTe5m'k
794-804.心理学空间,d.Cw1~[1AP0^Nu0A
心理学空间;V OZs5}"~2w!~il x
Oehler, J.M, Eckerman, C.O., & Wilson, W.H..
(\eA&f4]MNd0(1988). 
{Tv'J)va;S(U_
v0Social stimulation and the regulation of premature infants' state prior to term age.心理学空间-v
~7Q? F]k(b#BO
Infant Behavior and Development心理学空间ED%VT,~M4o
, 
#U7WvM6a[tr`011 心理学空间 }A-Y*h]]0W9x
, 心理学空间*G \1_Y%m*A/V^!K`1V
333-351.
bja7G)qR0心理学空间/fT'Oe(h? CC)V)p]
Eckerman, C.O., & Didow, S.M..心理学空间-e?um!L)~
(1988). 心理学空间v7B@#f|?`
Lessons drawn from observing young peers together.
6agW]X,F0Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica
M:xjo!Z'f ?0, 心理学空间jIq F~XJ4E
77 心理学空间xC/M$y}zM
, 
yJ/Ca,y055-70.心理学空间/\.rX rI,O8~%?.F&i8[
心理学空间]$H$l)dU4x.vhe*a%F l
Eckerman, C.O., Sturm, L.A., & Gross, S.J..
Z XFg)x8Z
[^n+j.g0(1985). 
?3s:i~2g0Differet developmental courses for very-low-birthweight infants differing in early head growth.心理学空间-o5j7|m)y
Developmental Psychology心理学空间UJ)K%|7Z%Z
, 
$l?QrG021 
c ~c%k0~0, 心理学空间1p$YO7{,gK
813-827.心理学空间)U2n;_9b-Dtu6Pj1D

#N,_5C Fo/M+` _` ?5xY0Dorval, B., & Eckerman, C.O..心理学空间r G-o1\9?
(1984). 心理学空间!f u_M,i
The development of conversation.心理学空间1ue$r's
mH1c
A'U
Mongraphs of the Society for Research in Child Development心理学空间7E8[6c'gn[b
, 心理学空间2K&k2g!s;p#@K5G\h
49 
}v;t5bntfg0(2) 心理学空间C@XH*s
, 心理学空间9T_,k%en'`![[R
91.心理学空间*k?w@3T$@CA
心理学空间9N_cV6wu'oI*Z
Brazy, J., Eckerman, C.O., & Gross, S.J..心理学空间Da LXK)@
(1983). 心理学空间QF|Gf
Follow-up of infants.
,Q*?k1G9Q*Q?0Journal of Pediatrics心理学空间k] M{WCHI-P
, 心理学空间M1h+wf4Q$M-u h"x
102 
|*j*Ld E&B+tg0, 心理学空间)bC3N1X,^Y,e
611-613.
a
y:Z@)rLyb7f^0心理学空间4TL0E!?O
Gross, S.J., Oehler, J.M., & Eckerman, C.O..心理学空间-GL9A0x5a$L \
(1983). 
d7BSQt
wZEj0Head growth and developmental outcome in very low-birth-weight infants.
-A"f'Y ml9]S&A9f0Pediatrics心理学空间z x%}.m` o3{ xC
, 心理学空间%^w~bcU!I
71 心理学空间W*Pg(`FLU
, 
,@!} A1jEk ?6\:q070-75.
AT4Xq0H4E6p${ gK0
8B:Cf2GoW5Q2B0McGehee, L.J., & Eckerman, C.O..心理学空间O
jiM4d(@9s%I:e [
(1983). 
Srtx
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P7H1J
Infant Behavior and Development心理学空间;k3hl4{'ys+v
, 
.M6l T[-Ix Xt06 
:SzHD'D&zBp0, 
lbZC"s4XHT0461-470.
xTVD9`v0心理学空间4S'i0K3Sn
~*n
Gross, S.J., & Eckerman, C.O..心理学空间!R
{4t'AA
(1983). 
-n`] i.hv9wK*u0Normative early head growth in very-low-birthweight infants.
l dE6hTB h0Journal of Pediatrics
G:g,|+^7i;W@U0, 
-~n-["hX(s7Ef*q0103 心理学空间kh EE6zNLB7]
, 心理学空间)z6Ll^*P5I)gf``z
946-949.
FAjzga0心理学空间LH|XuP
Gross, S.J., Oehler, J.M., & Eckerman, C.O..心理学空间B#_ eJ"j.K
(1980). 心理学空间Z)q;J(Tut2Ax _
Head circumference at birth and growth at six weeks as predictors of developmental outcome in very low birthweight infants.
.l1jVJ`n2eQ0Pediatric Research心理学空间j[o%D^3Rm
, 心理学空间r%`.dZb"F[t
14 心理学空间Pp*zn#{#nktJ
, 
Qv/qp,cd upAm0434.心理学空间^%]
p por f

Ht*eya
Vz0Eckerman, C.O., Whatley, J.L., & McGehee.
1my ^A"[0(1979). 心理学空间T%tP,P%i,B
Approaching and contacting the object another manipulates.心理学空间0R`$nMa
P2z*t
Developmental Psychology心理学空间| Lt$y:\+oF
, 心理学空间3[+N3p+Z6z y"n*Y}
15 
\+ef7lI0, 
~^ m,M3FE)y4?0585-593.心理学空间1zEi(iFM;v%Q b

A,M*pUp5C7^0U0Eckerman, C.O., & Whatley, J.L..心理学空间j@9`]-n&C2f H
(1977). 心理学空间 A4?)oR2z6p ["pj
Toys and social interaction between infant peers.
c|DQ [0Child Development
"i?'A)q#Z"t;k__ X8z8f&R0, 心理学空间*E7gV9H+o"di:V{rgI
48 
`X
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1645-1656.
:[} ~5pb c7K3iT:X0心理学空间*j Q1G!UoZ*fw }*S
Eckerman, C.O., Whatley, J.L., & Kutz, S.L..
6e'\
R'z,D wh-D.Y A0Q0(1975). 
0k^)j
`;lN0Grwth of social play with peers during the second year of life.心理学空间0X P8?F6EL+X"ck1Hs
Developmental Psychology心理学空间lkk.X/yGw
, 
i#O"C2e2cp011 心理学空间 L:B(dI7_4x.}
, 心理学空间 cP5I)Z/y hv,d1r1jXUD
42-49.
:|:V#A(s0F0
pE%W8l/hod0Eckerman, C.O., & Whatley, J.L..
/{Z/~c.t|g d0(1975). 心理学空间:wruP hd1{ H
Infants' reactions to unfamiliar adults varying in novelty.心理学空间qy1I/p _uP
Developmental Psychology心理学空间K LV,\u#{]z
, 
}9W%Hx1iL {s011 心理学空间(jL-RW[7XM1u
, 
"T
u;k7U ~0562-566.心理学空间zpq2Ne Zq
心理学空间-Vi+Y.E
Hr
Eckerman, C.O., & Rheingold, H.L..
4H_+z-F%m8q7NNMA0(1974). 
;Ka/GpG U0Infants exploratory responses to toys and people.心理学空间KJer3[+T8R
Developmental Psychology心理学空间;@A-H3w/Kz
, 
u
I0o`%w010 心理学空间8S"e8e1p6B#Xk!FfG7_7n:\P
, 
.c4f[:WVR-X0255-259.
%~
YtM5_0
x%E^)JM!K9s0Corter, C.M., Rheingold, H.L., & Eckerman, C.O..
LY Y*ZvXG0(1972). 
/ho1M(M` \0Toys delay the infants following of his mother.
lz0l$`$q,swpx P0Developmental Psychology
[%y-AVje\0, 心理学空间V&@ Py`7z_9JO[
6 
cIv+u%QA%t(K2v0, 
;DbS{&rl v
d0138-145.心理学空间M[1} DZ+T8M

tyd2RA0]0Ross, H.S., Rheingold, H.L., & Eckerman, C.O..心理学空间G4xW"E x^ xw)fP
(1972). 

`+I;YZ.Q0Approach and exploration of a novel alternative by 12-month old infants.
f6pC#w lZ6q8Wi0Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
ef(~:YOE0, 心理学空间 Q&IcV/r4V
13 
B4bh+]'M&Z0, 心理学空间-t8^9hMC
85-93.心理学空间#{Y}^.R5soo
心理学空间#]
~zS)On
Rheingold, H.L., & Eckerman, C.O..
b{}bu(Q
ScH0(1971). 
x!o7by
dh `0Familiar social and nonsocial stimuli and the kittens response to a strange environment.心理学空间)X)g(xV _$T7GB"\
Developmental Psychobiology
pem#Q{Yy0, 
1g_ti1e8IHp*`04 心理学空间o"XUu(V'I2i_ ]F
, 心理学空间HMzS Rp/KD:X
71-89.心理学空间:E`(X Wj ^9qU/E

7d%f\XEUn0Eckerman, C.O., Rheingold, H.L., & Helwig, R.A..心理学空间:V*d`-|}u?gY_w
(1971). 心理学空间;_5Ydq4a{'T!K
A laboratory for developmental psychologists.心理学空间 vY$jshJK m
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology心理学空间/K#rp(Y(@,h
, 心理学空间1a#`qIGt7E
11 
9q(X!}LN?pmQ0, 心理学空间
JZ[(NNDms
54-62.心理学空间"YrPzLgu
心理学空间'}4Q_6FE-eg-K}+uS
Rheingold, H.L., & Eckerman, C.O..心理学空间E+YWK5dC#cBi
(1970). 
6u7zA`!IR8XI#s Y0The infant separates himself from his mother.心理学空间n,Xp3}#Y.XJ y
Science心理学空间$_[+jid6}[{]"R8`
, 
2N\C+WRM;lEl0168 
R6CzYw8?o4S.o:B0, 心理学空间5fn,}I$Ar
78-83.
{RCh B0心理学空间h$W|5GA&a
Rheingold, H.L., & Eckerman, C.O..
Cp+^4[8@R%E4[:c-k0(1969). 心理学空间@1Re$r
Y.BNP
The infant's free entry into a new environment.心理学空间}K-Y R`
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology心理学空间,?*Q7so9Rk.cI
, 心理学空间6f uL8i&[ khk$c
8 心理学空间 L$x|kWs;Q5V
, 
!n ~?a#B0271-283.
.a2E3jo3}5Q0Chapters in Books
!S#QkP;@(D*}"e0心理学空间pabK,wA,Ng"hK
C.O. Eckerman & Peterman, K..
5i*sl] W3[.wv!h#go0(2001). 
V-TM+P}?z0Peers and Infant Social/Communicative Development.
/u;{R1l1b#lw(F'Q0f0In G. Bremner & A. Fogel (Eds.), 心理学空间&h_{_)yc
Blackwell Handbook of Infant Development心理学空间*`;?KIA7YTBBGR{
.心理学空间Zx$^6ev+JkB
Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
8KJ {MF0
KZ2k(X9Sb m0Ivkovich, D., Eckerman, C.O., Krasnegor, N.A., & Stanton, M.E..心理学空间 y+?(Q,m1^
(2000). 
.t!U0D._M9d q pS5D0Using Eyeblink Conditioning to Assess Neurocognitive Development.心理学空间%j1ost3~P+]+^8{#|H
In D.S. Woodruff-Pak & J.E. Steinmetz (Eds.), 心理学空间0UK:d`#R8MgY#}0cH
Eyeblink Classical Conditioning: Human心理学空间*_a8U;Xd%H!?
.心理学空间 V#L-H@sp|]
Kluwer Academic Publishers.心理学空间DT2nf3r!E:y]
心理学空间^/_6f8D%_{
Eckerman, C.O..
a}%?$kO1B"@6qbLP0(1996). 
t2J1JqL:]nn0Early social-communicative development: Illustrative development analyses.心理学空间j.GUr^,bz
In R.B. Cairns, et al. (Eds.), 
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