Jacques Lacan 雅克、拉康
- The splendor of Antigone 安提贡尼的辉煌
- THE MEANING OF CATHARSIS 心理净化的意义
- HEGEL'S WEAKNESS 黑格尔的弱点
- THE FUNCTION OF THE CHORUS 合唱队的功用
- GOETHE'S WISH 歌德的愿望
I told you that I would talk about Antigone today.
我告诉你们,今天我将谈论安提贡尼。
I am not the one who has decreed that Antigone is to be a turning point in the field that interests us, namely, ethics. People have been aware of that for a long time. And even those who haven't realized this are not unaware of the fact that there are scholarly debates on the topic. Is there anyone who doesn't evoke Antigone whenever there is a question of a law that causes conflict in us even though it is acknowledged by the community to be a just law?
我并不是这个人,曾经敕令,安提贡尼应该成我们感到興趣的领域的转捩点。换句话说,伦理学的领域。长久以来,人们就已经知道。甚至那些还没有体会这一点的人们,都不知道这个事实:对于那个议题,学者辩论纷纭。每当有法则的问题引起我们的冲突,难道不是人人都引述安提贡尼吗?虽然社会都承认那是一个公正的法择。
And what is one to think of the scholars' contribution to the discussion of Antigone? What is one to think of it when one has, like me, gone over the ground for one's own interest and for the interest of those one is speaking to? Well now, while I have tried to omit nothing that seemed important in all that has been said on the question, so as not to deprive either you or me of the help that I might derive from this lengthy historical survey, I have nevertheless often had the impression that I was lost in quite extraordinary byways. One learns that the opinions formulated by the pens of our great thinkers over the centuries are strange indeed.
我们应该如何看待学者们对安提贡尼的讨他的贡献?我们应该如何看待它?当像我这样的人基于我们自己的興趣,去检视这个立场,为了我们正针对演讲的那些人的興趣。嗯,虽然我曾经尝试不要忽视任何重要的东西,在讨论这个问题的一切,为了不要让你们或我,丧失我可能获得的这个帮助,从漫长的历史的研究。可是,我曾经常拥有这个印象:我迷失于相当特别的旁道里。我们获知,由我们伟大的思想家几世纪来文笔说明的意见,确实是很奇怪的。
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Freud found in Oedipus Rex as well as in other tragethes. He was attracted by his need of the material he found in their mythical content. And if he himself didn't expressly discuss Antigone as tragedy, that doesn't mean to say it cannot be done at this crossroads to which I have brought you. It seems to me to be what it was for Hegel, although in a different way, namely, the Sophoclean tragedy that is of special significance.
Antigone is a tragedy, and tragedy is in the forefront of our experiences as analysts - something that is confirmed by the references精神分析家的精神分析经验前锋。某件事情被证实,弗洛依的在「伊狄浦斯」与其他的悲剧发现的资料。他受到他发现的材料所吸引,在它们的神秘的内容。假如他自己没有生动地讨论「安提贡尼」作为悲剧,那并不意味着,它无法在我已经带领你们前来的这个十字路口来从事。我觉得以前对于黑格尔的东西,虽然方式不同,换句话说,索福克利斯蒂悲剧,具有特别的意义。
「安提贡尼」是一个悲剧。这个悲剧是我们作为In an even more fundamental way than through the connection to the Oedipus complex, tragedy is at the root of our experience, as the key word "catharsis" implies.
以一个更加基本的方式,凭借跟伊狄浦斯情结发生关联,悲剧是我们精神分析经验的根源,如同这个关键字「心理净化」所暗示的。
For you the word is no doubt more or less closely associated with the term "abreaction," which presupposes that the problem outlined by Freud in his first work with Breuer, namely, that of discharge, has already been broached - discharge in an act, indeed motor discharge, of something that is not so simple to define, and that we still have to say remains a problem for us, the discharge of an emotion that remains unresolved. For that is what is involved here: an emotion or a traumatic experience may, as far as the subject is concerned, leave something unresolved, and this may continue as long as a resolution is not found. The notion of unfulfillment suffices to fill the role of comprehensibility which is required here.
对于你们,这个字词无可置疑跟「清涤情感紧张」这个术语息息相关。后者预先假设:弗洛依德在他跟布鲁尔研究的第一本著作,描绘的问题,也就是,发泄的问题,已经被提出讨论。在行动中的发泄,确实是动力的发泄某件无法单纯定义的东西。我们依旧必须说,这对我们始终是一个问题:始终没有被解决的情感的发泄。因为那是在此所被牵涉的东西,情感或是创伤的经验,就这个主题而言,留下某件东西没有被解决。只要解决还没有被发现,这个东西就可能继续下去。没有被实现的这个观念,就足以填补可理解性的这个角色,它在此被要求。
Read over Freud and Breuer's opening pages and, in the light of what I have attempted to focus on for your benefit in our experience, you will see how difficult it now is to be content with the word "fulfillment" that is employed in this context, and to state simply, as Freud does, that the action may be discharged in the words that articulate it.
请阅读弗洛依德与布鲁尔的开头几页,从我曾经企图专注的东西,为了你们在我们的精神分析经验的利益。你们将会看出,这将是多么的困难,要满足于「实现」这个字词。它被运用在这个内容里。如同弗洛依德简明地说,行动可能被发泄,在表达它的字词里。
That catharsis which in this text is linked to the problem of abreaction, and which is already specifically invoked in the background, has its origins in the thought of classical antiquity. It is centered on Aristotle's formula at the beginning of Chapter VI of his Poetics: Aristotle there explains at length, in a classification of the genres, what must be present for a work to be defined as a tragedy.