The intervention used in this research was based on the Internal Family Systems model that sees an individual’s personality as made up of different sub-personalities
本研究所采用的干预方法基于家庭内部系统模型,认为个体的人格由不同的子人格性组成。
As social creatures, accurately recognising and understanding the mental states of others (their intentions, knowledge, beliefs, etc.) is crucial to our social bonds and interactions. In fact, in today’s multi-cultural world and strongly divided political climate, this skill – known as Theory of Mind – is perhaps more important than ever. A recent study published in the Journal of Cognitive Enhancement proposes that an effective way to develop our Theory of Mind lies in learning to better understand ourselves.
作为社会生物,准确认识和理解他人的心智状态(他们的意图、知识、信念等)对我们的社会关系和相互作用至关重要。事实上,在当今多元文化的世界和极度分裂的政治氛围中,这种被称为心理理论的技能也许比以往任何时候都更重要。最近发表在《认知提高》杂志上的一项研究表明,发展我们的心理理论的有效方法在于学习更好地了解自己。
Anne Böckler and colleagues, based at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, recruited 141 participants to take part in a three-month long contemplative training course that teaches people to take the perspective of the different aspects of their own personalities.
Anne Böckler和她的同事,在莱比锡的人类认知与脑科学马克斯-普朗克研究,招募了141名被试参加了为期3个月的长程冥想训练课程,教导人们了解自己性格的不同 的方面。
Before they started, the participants completed a test of their Theory of Mind: they watched short video clips of people describing autobiographical events, then answered a questionnaire about the storyteller’s intentions, thoughts and goals.
在他们开始之前,参与者完成了他们的心理理论的测试:他们观看了描述自传事件的短片,然后回答了一个关于说书人意图、想法和目标的问卷。
Next, the participants were taught to identify and label six ‘inner parts’ or sub-personalities within themselves, for example ‘the caring part’, ‘the inner happy child’, ‘the vulnerable part’. They could modify or add to this list at any time during the training course.
接下来,参与者被教导要识别和标注他们自己的六个“内在的部分”或“子人格”,例如“关心的部分”、“内在的快乐小孩”、“易受伤害的部分”。他们可以在培训期间随时修改或添加 这个表格。
The course itself consisted of two key components that the participants practised daily for thirty minutes, and at a two-hour guided weekly training sessions. The first component was an ‘observing-thoughts’ meditation, in which participants observed their thoughts objectively, de-identified from them (i.e. observed them in a detached way), then classified the thoughts into categories of me/other, past/future or positive/negative. The second component was a perspective-taking exercise which participants conducted in pairs, alternating between the role of speaker and listener. The speaker recounted an event from their day from the perspective of one of their randomly selected inner parts. Aware of the speaker’s various inner parts, the listener had to guess which one was talking.
意识到了说话者的各种内部因素,就不得不猜测是哪一 部分在讲话。
课程本身由两个关键部分组成,参与者每天练习三十分钟,并在每周进行两小时指导训练。第一个部分是“观察-思维”的冥想, 参与者客观地观察了他们的想法,从他们自己之中确认自己(即以超然的方式观察他们),然后把这些想法分类为我/其他人,过去/未来或正/负。第二个组成部分是一个观点 采纳练习,即参与者轮流练习,在说话者和听者的角色之间交替进行。演讲者从他们的一个随机选择的内部部分叙述了一天中发生的一件事。听者IFS) model; an approach used in psychotherapy. The model sees an individual’s personality as made up of different sub-personalities, each with its own set of behaviours, cognitions and affects. The current study is part of a larger research project which draws from the model’s principles, successfully implemented in a therapeutic setting (such as with rheumatoid arthritis patients), and applies them to a non-clinical, healthy, adult population with the aim of improving mental well-being and social intelligence.
These perspective-taking exercises and the concept of ‘inner parts’ are based on the Internal Family Systems (