分离保护者模式简介The detached protector
作者: Arnoud Arntz / 11464次阅读 时间: 2013年11月13日
来源: Schema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder 标签: protector 来访者 欲望 咨询师 自卑感
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fJl"|z0The detached protector分离保护者模式

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Qr"g'M0BX0When the patient is in the detached protector mode, the patient seems relatively mature and calm. A therapist could assume the patient is doing well. In fact, the patient uses this protective mode in order to avoid experiencing or revealing her feelings of fear (abandoned child), inferiority (punishing parent) or anger (impulsive child). Underlying assumptions that play important roles here are those of: it is dangerous to show your feelings and/or desires and to express your opinion. The patient fears losing control of her feelings. She attempts to protect herself from the alleged abuse or abandonment. This becomes particularly evident as she becomes attached to others. The protector keeps other people at a distance either by not engaging in contact or by pushing them away. Should others discover her weaknesses, the patient would face potential humiliation, punishment and/or abandonment. Therefore, for her it is better to not feel anything at all and keep others from getting too close to her.心理学空间|4k:J0g)WY6l.H

)[ [;R&X{8|8T`0当患者处于分离保护者的时候,显得相对成熟和安静。治疗师可能会假设患者症状改善了。实际上,患者使用分离保护者模式的目的是为了避免经历或流露她情绪里(作为遗弃儿童)的恐惧、(惩罚父母)自卑感或者(冲动儿童的)愤怒。在这里扮演重要角色的基本假设是:显露你的感情和/或欲望,以及表达自己的意见是危险的。患者害怕她失去对自己情绪的控制。她试图保护自己远离所谓的的虐待或遗弃。当她开始依恋别人时尤其明显。保护者与他人保持距离,要么避免接触要么推开他们。一旦有人发现她的弱点,患者就有可能面对潜在的羞辱,惩罚或/和抛弃。因此,对她来说,最好是不要接触任何一点儿事情,同时让其他人不要与自己太亲密。心理学空间 qu5l}N}+cN!F P

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Sample dialogue with a patient in the protector mode

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\)y!bg%G+g$@0(In this example and following dialogues, ‘ t' is therapist and ‘p' is patient.)

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6c oq;i2Yw"X G0t : How are you doing?

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p : (with no emotion) Good.

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t : How was your week, did anything happen that you would like to talk about?

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?l~ T?Z,m0p : (looks away and yawns) No, not really.

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t : So, everything's OK?心理学空间 T4}x!w*R+CK] n

Y!lA!BTx0p : Yeah, everything's OK. Maybe we could have a short session today?

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}sD^3i1{U0与处于保护模式患者对话案例

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咨询师:今天感觉如何?

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来访者:很好。心理学空间 A#a/LZI i:C

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咨询师:这星期好么?有什么事发生么?可以和我谈谈么?

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dlNb2R0来访者:(视线穿过窗户)没有,真的没有!心理学空间t(rddf_

|P2~ z#Vq'w{?qP0咨询师:所以,一切都好么?

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G%G'fHOEI;] w-v!d}n0来访者:是的,都挺好。或许今天我们可以缩短会谈时间。

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Should simple methods of avoiding painful emotions prove ineffective, she may attempt other manners of escape, such as substance abuse, self - injury (physical pain can sometimes numb psychological pain), staying in bed, disassociation or attempting to end her life. BPD patients often describe this mode as an empty space or a cold feeling. They report feeling distanced from all experiences while in this mode, including therapy.心理学空间KB2` E{ dd

mW4}*b(xU%z1J0一旦简单的避免伤痛情绪的模式被证明有效,她会尝试其他方式躲避,例如物质滥用、自伤(躯体疼痛一定程度上可以缓解内心的痛苦),躲在被窝里,解离或者试图结束自己的生命。BPD患者经常描述空旷的空间或寒冷感觉的状况。当他们处于这种状态时,会有远离所有的经历感觉,在治疗中也如此。

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(d av.[p0If the patient is not successful at keeping people at a distance, she can become angry and cynical in an attempt to keep people away from her. It is important for the therapist to recognize these behaviours as forms of protection and not be put off by them. If this angry state is very pronounced, it can be distinguished as a separate ‘ angry protector' mode.

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如果患者不能成功与他人保持距离,她就会变得愤怒、以及冷酷无情的试图让他人远离她自己。对于治疗师来说,重要的是,识别这种作为保护模式的行为,同时避免被他们讨厌。如果这种愤怒状态显得非常坚决,就可以识别为分离的‘愤怒保护者’模式。心理学空间[;Xe4QTw

D6y]#x\BD"Ej lO'E+k0It is difficult to distinguish the angry protector from the punitive parent, especially during the initial stages of the therapy. One manner of distinction is to observe the direction of the patient's anger. While the angry protector's rage is directed towards the therapist (or someone else), the punitive parent's anger is directed towards the patient herself. If the therapist is unsure of the mode he is presented with, he can simply ask the patient if she is able to disclose which ‘ side' of her personality is currently active.心理学空间~@V?d:| ^ y

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从惩罚性的父母中识别识别愤怒保护者很难,尤其是在治疗的最初阶段,区别的一种方法是观察患者的愤怒方向。当愤怒保护者的脾气直接指向治疗师(或其他人),惩罚性父母的愤怒针对的是患者自己。如果治疗师并不确信他眼前所呈现的,他可以简单的询问患者,她是否可以透露她目前展现的是她的哪个性格中的哪一方面。心理学空间 gJ6K*^3ePO

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