The topic I would like to discuss with you today deals with the question what a psychotherapist does when he is working with a patient. What is his specific activity and what are his inner working models? In my lecture I would like to concentrate on some very basic points concerning the question how a psychotherapist works, and what are the essential aspects of what he does when he is doing his work as a psychotherapist. This specific way of working is basically linked with what we use to call the psychotherapeutic attitude which again is intimately linked with a psychoanalytic concept of psychotherapy. Therefore I shall focus mainly on a psychotherapist who is working with psychodynamic methods using psychoanalytical concepts of the unconscious and dealing with the psychotherapeutic relationship as it is unfolding according to the concepts of transference and counter-transference and all included forms of conflicts as they occur within the therapeutic relationship.
精神分析概念紧密相连。因此,我会主要聚焦于这样的治疗师:他使用精神动力学疗法,运用精神分析的潜意识概念,并根据移情和反移情的概念以及治疗关系中出现的各种冲突形式来处理心理治疗性关系。
今天我想与大家探讨一个问题,即心理治疗师与患者进行工作时做了些什么?他有哪些特定的活动,他的内部工作模型又是什么?我的演讲将集中在几个非常基础的要点上,关乎心理治疗师如何工作,以及他在作为心理治疗师而工作时的所作所为本质如何。这种特别的工作方式基本上与我们常说的心理治疗态度有关,而这种态度又与心理治疗的Today we seem to encounter an immense variety of different psychodynamic schools which seem to contradict each other in many points leading at first glance to uncertainty and even confusion. Facing this variety of differences it might be helpful to ask if there is still some kind of common ground from which all these different branches of the psychoanalytic tree stem from. Facing this development, David Tuckett, a British psychoanalyst who is very much interested in the research of psychoanalytic methodology was raising quite a simple the question in his paper published in 2005 just by asking: “Does anything go?”
如今我们似乎能遇到多种形式的精神动力学派别,它们看起来彼此间有许多方面是相互矛盾的,乍一看会令人不太确定甚至迷惑不解。面对这些丰富多样的差异,最好能探究其中是否有某种共同的基础,即所有这些精神分析分支学派的根源。面对这种发展,一位热衷于研究精神分析方法论的英国精神分析师David Tuckett在他2005年发表的文章中将这个问题凝缩成很简单的一句话:“去掉了什么?”
His aim was to look beyond all obvious differences and to formulate some kind of general assessment of what could be a common ground of psychoanalytical oriented psychotherapeutic activity. As a main result of his research he stated:
他旨在超越所有显而易见的差异,制定某种综合性评估,找到可能成为精神分析导向之心理治疗性活动的共同基础。他的主要研究成果显示:
“I assume that working as a psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapist requires a set of specific capacities: 1. to sense relevant clinical material (for example affects and unconscious meaning of the patient), 2. the ability to conceptualize what has been perceived from the patient and 3. to give an interpretation to the patient according to what has been sensed by the therapist and to have an understanding of the effect in the patient of what has been said” (Tuckett 2005).