有关镜像神经元起源问题上的争论
叶浩生 曾红 2017-5-12
心理科学进展 2017
参考文献陈波, 陈巍, 张静, 袁逖飞. (2015). “镜像”的内涵与外延:
围绕镜像神经元的争议. 心理科学进展, 23, 405–418.
叶浩生, 曾红. (2013). 镜像神经元的发现及其对身心二元论的超越. 心理科学, 36, 1230–1236.
Alegre, M., Rodríguez-Oroz, M. C., Valencia, M., Pérez- Alcázar, M., Guridi, J., Iriarte, J., … Artieda, J. (2010). Changes in subthalamic activity during movement observation in Parkinson’s disease: Is the mirror system mirrored in the basal ganglia?. Clinical Neurophysiology, 121, 414–425.
Ando, A., Salatino, A., Giromini, L., Ricci, R., Pignolo, C., Cristofanelli, S., … Zennaro, A. (2015). Embodied simulation and ambiguous stimuli: The role of the mirror neuron system. Brain Research, 1629, 135–142.
Bello, J. P., Modroño, C., Marcano, F., & González-Mora, J.
L. (2015). Mapping the mirror neuron system in neurosurgery. World Neurosurgery, 84, 2077.e5–2077.e10.
Bertenthal, B. I. (2014). The insufficiency of associative learning for explaining development: Three challenges to the associative account. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37, 193–194.
Bonini, L., & Ferrari, P. F. (2011). Evolution of mirror systems: A simple mechanism for complex cognitive functions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1225, 166–175.
Boyer, T. W., Pan, J. S., & Bertenthal, B. I. (2011). Infants’ understanding of actions performed by mechanical devices. Cognition, 121, 1–11.
Brincker, M. (2015). Beyond sensorimotor segregation: On mirror neurons and social affordance space tracking.
Cognitive Systems Research, 34–35, 18–34.
Brucker, B., Ehlis, A.-C., Häußinger, F. B., Fallgatter, A. J., & Gerjets, P. (2015). Watching corresponding gestures facilitates learning with animations by activating human mirror-neurons: An FNIRS study. Learning and Instruction, 36, 27–37.
Buccino, G., Colagè, I., Gobbi, N., & Bonaccorso, G. (2016). Grounding meaning in experience: A broad perspective on embodied language. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 69, 69–78.
Caggiano, V., Fogassi, L., Rizzolatti, G., Casile, A., Giese, M. A., & Thier, P. (2012). Mirror neurons encode the subjective value of an observed action. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 11848–11853.
Calvo-Merino, B., Glaser, D. E., Grèzes, J., Passingham, R. E., & Haggard, P. (2005). Action observation and acquired motor skills: An FMRI study with expert dancers. Cerebal Cortex, 15, 1243–1249.
Calvo-Merino, B., Grèzes, J., Glaser, D. E., Passingham, R. E., & Haggard, P. (2006). Seeing or doing? Influence of visual and motor familiarity in action observation. Current Biology, 16, 1905–1910.
Caruana, F., Jezzini, A., Sbriscia-Fioretti, B., Rizzolatti, G., & Gallese, V. (2011). Emotional and social behaviors elicited by electrical stimulation of the insula in the Macaque monkey. Current Biology, 21, 195–199.
Casartelli, L., & Molteni, M. (2014). Where there is a goal, there is a way: What, why and how the parieto-frontal mirror network can mediate imitative behaviours. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 47, 177–193.
Casile, A. (2013). Mirror neurons (and beyond) in the macaque brain: An overview of 20 years of research. Neuroscience Letters, 540, 3–14.
Casile, A., Caggiano, V., & Ferrari, P. F. (2011). The mirror neuron system: A fresh view. The Neuroscientist, 17, 524– 538.
Catmur, C. (2013). Sensorimotor learning and the ontogeny of the mirror neuron system. Neuroscience Letters, 540, 21–27.
Chomsky, N. (2012). The science of language: Interviews with James McGilvray. Cambridge, MA, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Cook, R., Bird, G., Catmur, C., Press, C., & Heyes, C. (2014). Mirror neurons: From origin to function. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37, 177–192.
Corballis, M. C. (2010). Mirror neurons and the evolution of language. Brain and Language, 112, 25–35.
Corballis, M. C. (2015). Mirror neurons, theory of. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social &
behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 582–588). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
di Pellegrino, G., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., & Rizzolatti, G. (1992). Understanding motor events: A neurophysiological study. Experimental Brain Research, 91, 176–180.
Ferrari, P. F., Rozzi, S., & Fogassi, L. (2005). Mirror neurons responding to observation of actions made with tools in monkey ventral premotor cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17, 212–226.
Ferrari, P. F., Tramacere, A., Simpson, E. A., & Iriki, A. (2013). Mirror neurons through the lens of epigenetics. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17, 450–457.
Fitzgibbon, B. M., Kirkovski, M., Fornito, A., Paton, B., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Enticott, P. G. (2016). Emotion processing fails to modulate putative mirror neuron response to trained visuomotor associations. Neuropsychologia, 84, 7–13.
Fogassi, L., Ferrari, P., Gesierich, B., Rozzi, S., Chersi, F., & Rizzolatti, G. (2005). Parietal lobe: From action organization to intention understanding. Science, 308, 662–667.
Gallese, V., & Sinigaglia, C. (2014). Understanding action with the motor system. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37, 199–200.
Garcia, J., Kimeldorf, D. J., & Koellino, R. A. (1955). Conditioned aversion to saccharin resulting from exposure to gamma radiation. Science, 122, 157–158.
Haslinger, B., Erhard, P., Altenmüller, E., Schroeder, U., Boecker, H., & Ceballos-Baumann A. O. (2005). Transmodal sensorimotor networks during action observation in professional pianists. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17, 282–293.
Heyes, C. (2010). Mesmerising mirror neurons. NeuroImage, 51(2), 789–791.
Heyes, C. (2013). A new approach to mirror neurons: Developmental history, system-level theory and intervention experiments. Cortex, 49, 2946–2948.
Heyes, C. (2014). Tinbergen on mirror neurons. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369, 20130180.
Hickok, G. (2014). The myth of mirror neurons: The real neuroscience of communication and cognition. New York:
W. W. Norton & Company.
Keysers, C. (2015). The straw man in the brain. Science, 347, 240.
Khalil, E. L. (2014). Deciphering mirror neurons: Rational decision versus associative learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37, 206–207.
Kilner, J. M., & Friston, K. J. (2014). Relating the
“mirrorness” of mirror neurons to their origins. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37, 207–208.
Lamm, C., & Majdandžić, J. (2015). The role of shared neural activations, mirror neurons, and morality in empathy–a critical comment. Neuroscience Research, 90, 15–24.
Locke, J. (1690/1996). An essay concerning human understanding. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co, Inc. Mehta, U. M., Waghmare, A. V., Thirthalli, J., Venkatasubramanian,
G., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2015). Is the human mirror neuron system plastic? Evidence from a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 17, 71–77.
Möhring, N., Brandt, E. S. L., Mohr, B., Pulvermüller, F., & Neuhaus, A. H. (2014). ERP adaptation provides direct evidence for early mirror neuron activation in the inferior parietal lobule. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 94, 76–83.
Moretti, D. V. (2016). Involvement of mirror neuron system in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. BBA Clinical, 5, 46–53. Mukamel, R., Ekstrom, A. D., Kaplan, J., Iacoboni, M., & Fried, I. (2010). Single-neuron responses in humans during execution and observation of actions. Current
Biology, 20, 750–756.
Nagy, E., Pilling, K., Orvos, H., & Molnar, P. (2013). Imitation of tongue protrusion in human neonates: Specificity of the response in a large sample. Developmental Psychology, 49, 1628–1638.
Oberman, L. M., Hubbard, E. M., & McCleery, J. P. (2014). Associative learning alone is insufficient for the evolution and maintenance of the human mirror neuron system. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37, 212–213.
Perrett, D. I., Harries, M. H., Bevan, R., Thomas, S., Benson,
P. J., Mistlin, A. J., … Ortega, J. E. (1989). Frameworks of analysis for the neural representation of animate objects and actions. Journal of Experimental Biology, 146, 87–113.
Perrett, D. I., Mistlin, A. J., Harries, H. M., & Chitty A. J. (1990). Understanding the visual appearance and consequence of hand actions. In M. A. Goodale (Ed.), Vision and action: The control of grasping. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Perrett, D. I., Smith, P. A. J., Mistlin, A. J., Chitty, A. J., Head, A. S., Potter, D. D., … Jeeves, M. A. (1985). Visual analysis of body movements by neurones in the temporal cortex of the macaque monkey: A preliminary report. Behavioural Brain Research, 16, 153–170.
Prather, J. F., Peters, S., Nowicki, S., & Mooney, R. (2008). Precise auditory-vocal mirroring in neurons for learned vocal communication. Nature, 451, 305–310.
Rizzolatti, G. (2014). Confounding the origin and function of
mirror neurons. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37, 218– 219.
Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., & Fogassi, L. (1996). Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research, 3, 131–141.
Rizzolatti, G., & Fogassi, L. (2014). The mirror mechanism: Recent findings and perspectives. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369, 20130420.
Rizzolatti, G., & Fogassi, L. (2017). Evolution of mirror neuron mechanism in primates. In J. Kaas (Ed.), Evolution of nervous systems (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 373–386). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Rizzolatti, G., & Sinigaglia, C. (2010). The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: Interpretations and misinterpretations. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 264–274.
Rochat, M. J., Caruana, F., Jezzini, A., Escola, L., Intskirveli, I., Grammont, F., … Umiltà, M. A. (2010). Responses of mirror neurons in area F5 to hand and tool grasping observation, Experimental Brain Research, 204, 605–616.
Simpson, E. A., Fox, N. A., Tramacere, A., & Ferrari, P. F. (2014). Neonatal imitation and an epigenetic account of mirror neuron development. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37, 220.
Sugita, Y. (2008). Face perception in monkeys reared with no exposure to faces. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 394–398.
Sugita, Y. (2009). Innate face processing. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 19, 39–44.
Vanderwert, R. E., Fox, N. A., & Ferrari, P. F. (2013). The mirror mechanism and mu rhythm in social development. Neuroscience Letters, 540, 15–20.
Woodward, A. L., & Gerson, S. A. (2014). Mirroring and the development of action understanding. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369, 20130181.
Yang, D. Y. J., Rosenblau, G., Keifer, C., & Pelphrey, K. A. (2015). An integrative neural model of social perception, action observation, and theory of mind. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 51, 263–275.
About the debate of the origin and evolution of mirror neurons
YE Haosheng; ZENG Hong; SU Dequan
(The Center for Mind and Brain Science, Guanzhou University, Guanzhou 510006, China)
Abstract: In this article, the author provides a fresh review about the debate of the origin and evolution of mirror neurons. The striking property of mirror neurons is that they discharge during both the observation and the execution of a goal-directed movement. How the execution-observation matching mechanism of mirror neurons comes into being? The genetic account of the debate implies that the evolutionary origins of mirror neurons are the consequences of an adaption for the conditions of environment and social cognition. Because of facilitating the understanding of other’s intention, it was favored by natural selection and got passed by heredity. The associative account suggests that mirror neurons emerged in the course of individual development. It was an acquired ability and came into being by the same learning process that produces Pavlovian conditioning. Most of the scholars in this field, however, prefer an evolutionary development biology (evo-devo) perspective, which adopt the epigenetic theory, and propose that associative learning along is insufficient for the origin and evolution of mirror neurons, but, rather, to be a result of a combination of evolutionary, biological, development, social influences.
Key words: mirror neurons; genetic account; associative account; preformation; epigenesist