R. Money-Kyrle’s model of the countertransference as a process of transformation 

R. Money-Kyrle 蒙利·凯里 之反移情转化过程的模型

 

R. Money-Kyrle had grappled with the processes of projection and introjection from early on.As early as 1932, in his book The Development of the Sexual Impulses, he gave a precise description of introjective identification and indicated that the taking back of projections went hand-in-hand with the regaining of lost parts of the self (Money-Kyrle, 1932, pp. 157–9).  Furthermore, he probably directly influenced Klein’s concept of projective identification by suggesting the term to Melanie Klein (Segal, 2006).3 

凯里在其早期就非常关注投射和内摄过程。早在1932年，在《性冲动的发展》他给出对内摄认同的精确描述，并指出收回投射同时也是重获失去的部分自体。

此外，他向梅兰妮·克莱因提议这个术语、可能直接影响了克莱因的投射性认同概念。

{3.Melanie Klein told Hanna Segal that she adopted the term ‘projective identification’ from Roger Money-Kyrle. According to Segal (2006) this dates back to the time when Money-Kyrle was in analysis with Klein. Klein herself seemed sceptical about the term at first and wanted to stick to the original Freudian terms of ‘projection’ and ‘identification’ 梅兰妮·克莱因告诉Hanna Segal ，她使用的“投射认同”这个术语是来自于Kyrle 。根据Segal （2006）提到的年份，这可以追溯到是克莱因正在接受Kylre分析的期间。克莱因自己看起来一开始对“投射性认同”这个术语是持怀疑态度，试图坚持这是来自于弗洛伊德的“投射”和“认同”这两个术语。}

In his paper Normal countertransference and some of its deviations, Money-Kyrle (1956) showed the usefulness of this concept for the understanding of blockages in the working-through of the countertransference.

在他的论文“常见的反移情及其变形”中，凯里（1956）论及这个概念在理解反移情修通的阻碍是很有用的。

According to Money-Kyrle, the patient projects parts of the self and his internal objects into the analyst who takes in these parts and compares them with his own internal objects. Through this introjected identification the analyst comes into contact with his own early self as well as with his own damaged objects in his unconscious phantasy, which are now represented by the parts of the self which were absorbed from the patient.，The introjected identification forms the foundation of the analyst’s empathy and insight, thus enabling him to get an understanding of the internal world of the patient without getting completely identified with it.

凯里认为，病人将部分的自体和内部客体投射进分析师，分析师吸收这些并将它们与自己的内部客体进行比较。分析师通过内摄认同接触到分析师自己的早期自体也包括在无意识幻想中受损的客体。内摄认同构成了分析师共情和洞察的基础，这使得分析师能获得对病人的内在世界的理解而无须完全认同病人的内在世界。

For Money-Kyrle, following P. Heimann (1950), in this second move, which leads from an immediate identification to an observational position, the importance of the internal parental couple becomes prominentThis allows the analyst to adopt a third, observational position vis-a-vis the identification with the patient’s projected parts of the self. . The oscillation between the two positions – the projected child and the understanding parental couple – forms an essential part of the process of working through in the countertransference.This puts the analyst in a position of being able to transform the introjected material and so to give it a new meaning.Money-Kyrle conceptualized this understanding step as reparation of the internal objects in the unconscious phantasy of the analyst and hence as a move in the direction of the depressive position.  Genuine understanding therefore presupposes the achievement of real separation, at least momentarily (see Weiss, 2003b).

凯里沿用P. Heimann (1950)的解释，第二步从直接的认同进入到观察者位置，内化父母双亲的重要性就显得非常突出。对认同的病人投射的部分自体，这就允许分析师采取一个第三方的、观察者的位置。摆荡在两个位置之间——投射出来的孩子和理解性的父母亲——形成了反移情修通过程的基本部分。分析师的位置就需要能够转化内化材料并赋予新的意义。凯里概念化这个理解性的步骤就是对分析师无意识幻想的这个内部客体的修复，因而接着向抑郁位推进。因而真正的理解预示达到了真正的修复，至少是暂时的(see Weiss, 2003b)。

It is only when these internal developments have begun that the analyst will be able to interpret the assimilated and transformed parts of the patient’s self, i.e. according to Money-Kyrle to re-project them into the patient. This re-projection, unless it is defensive, calls for a working through of the countertransference. Only if the interpretation can be re-introjected by the patient in this processed form can it become the vantage point for further thinking, which in turn will be linked to the taking back of projections and the recognition of separation.

只有当这些内化的发展已经开始，分析师将能够对吸收进来并转化的病人部分自体进行解释，也就是Kyrle说的再投射进病人。除非是防御性的，再投射开启了反移情的修通。只有在解释被病人以转化形式再摄，才能够成为促进进一步思考的关键点，反过来将联系到被收回的投射物并意识到分离。

In summary, according to Money-Kyrle, the analyst is in a constant double movement: on the one hand, the movement between the identification with the projected parts of the self of the patient and the taking up of a third position of understanding and, on the other, the movement between introjection and projection.As long as this oscillating movement stays in the balance it enables further attempts at understanding and contributes to an analytic process promoting psychic development. This countertransference process is composed of three phases, which may be overlapping and more or less contemporaneous. 

概言之，Kyrle认为分析师持续在两个位置上移动：一个是在与病人投射的自体认同和站在理解性的第三方；另一个是在内摄与投射之间。只要这种摆荡维持着平衡，就能促进进一步的理解的尝试，并有助于促进精神发展的分析过程。这个过程是由三个阶段构成的，它们也许是重叠并且或多或少是同时发生的。

1. The introjective identification of the analyst with particular aspects of the patient or rather the patient’s internal world 对分析师的内摄认同，并带有病人的特有的特征，或者说是病人内在世界的特有的。

2. The understanding transformation through the comparison with the analyst’s early self and assumption of a third position as well as 通过和分析师的早期自体的比较以及采用第三位置（观察性的、父母双亲的、理解性的），获得理解性的转化

3. The re-projection of the material, which approximates understanding by having been worked through in the countertransference 材料的再投射，这些材料通过对反移情的持续的修通已经获得了大致的理解。

Money-Kyrle elaborated how the working through of the countertransference could be impeded on each of these three levels, possibly manifesting itself as phases of delayed introjection, anxiety about failure to understand, or in defensive re-projections. Kyrle详细说明了修通反移情可能会在这每一个过程中都出现阻碍，也许表现为延迟的内摄、对未能理解的焦虑，或者是防御性的再投射。

What I am going to say next follows on, then, from Money-Kyrle’s ideas together with Bion’s theory of container/contained as well as Melanie Klein’s unpublished views on projective identification. When talking about ‘phases’ of projective identification in this context, they are not understood as segments of time, but as overlapping, more or less contemporaneous part-processes. 

Kyrle的观点、比昂的容器/内容物的理论以及梅兰妮·克莱因未公开发表的投射性认同的观点，我接下来将要论述的是紧随其后。在此背景下，当谈论投射性认同“阶段”，不要理解为在时间是区隔的，而是重叠的，乃至部分是同时发生的。