WEISS 2014 投射认同的五阶段模型 - 1
王静华2016-4-13 13:39
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这是德国心身科医生Heinz Weiss于2014年发表在《The International Journal of Psychoanalysis》的一篇论文，由李孟潮老师在《心之母体》的课程上推荐给大家！因对投射与投射认同感兴趣，所以就一边看、一边想、一边翻译，如果有发现翻译问题，请不吝赐教—— 发现遇到德文这类字符，保存时会有问题，所以部分德文的特殊字符有做改变。
Projective identification and working through of the countertransference: A multiphase model1
投射性认同及反移情修通之多（五）阶段模型
Heinz Weiss 海因兹·韦斯
Abteilung fur Psychosomatische Medizin,
Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus,Auerbachstrasse 110, D-70376 Stuttgart, Germany –
heinz.weiss@rbk.de
(Accepted for
publication 11 March 2014)
Keywords: countertransference, projection, projective identification 关键词：反移情，投射，投射性认同
Introduction
The term ‘projective identification’ has a long history since it was first used by Edoardo Weiss in his paper UBber eine noch nicht beschriebene Phase der heterosexuellen Liebe (Weiss E, 1925; see Steiner R, 1999). It was in the 1930s and 1940s that, departing from the work of Freud, Ferenczi (1909, 1913) and Abraham (1912, 1920, 1924), a growing interest in the processes of pathological projection, identification and identification became obvious in different psychoanalytic schools and writers (see Weiss and Frank, 2007). Money- Kyrle (1932, pp. 175–7) pointed out that projection may be accompanied by the loss of parts of the self; Brierley (1945) used the term ‘projective identification’in a slightly different sense (see Spillius, 2007, p. 131); and Knight (1940) examined the relationship between projection, envy and the loss of separateness.However, it was Melanie Klein who explored pathological projection in her early child analysis (Klein, 1932; see Frank, 1999) in great detail and introduced the concept of projective identification together with normal and pathological splitting in her new model of the human mind (Klein, 1946).Developing from Klein’s seminal contribution projective identification is a complex issue which covers such heterogeneous fields as primitive forms of communication, the operation of defence organizations and the understanding of countertransference in the psychoanalytic situation. My thinking on this latter point has been prompted by three ideas. The first is Melanie Klein’s unpublished views on projective identification; the second is W. R. Bion’s (1962b) theory of container/contained; and the third is R. Money- Kyrle’s (1956) view of the countertransference as a process of transformation (see Weiss, 2003b). On the basis of these ideas I will develop a complex model of projective identification which will have multiple phases and multiple processes. The complexity should permit me to pinpoint more accurately the difficulties of working through the countertransference.
从克莱因这一开创性的贡献开始，投射认同成为一个复杂的主题，涵盖不同的领域，涉及原始沟通形式、防御组织的运作和在精神分析场景中对反移情的理解。针对在精神分析场景中对反移情的理解，我的思考是由三个人的研究所引发。第一个是梅兰妮·克莱因未公开发表的投射性认同的观点，第二个比昂（1962b)的容器/涵容物的理论，第三个蒙利·凯里(1956)对转化过程中反移情的理解(see Weiss, 2003b)。基于他们的想法之上，我将发展一个综合的多阶段多过程的投射性认同模型。其复杂性应该可以使得我更准确精确地描述出修通反移情的困难性。
Although the following
paper refers primarily to papers by Kleinian authors, as they were the source
of the original concept (Klein, 1946; see Weiss and Frank, 2007; Spillius and
O’Shaughnessy, 2012), there have been scholars of different psychoanalytic
schools who have worked on and further developed the concept of projective
identification (Ogden, 1979; Sandler, 1987). The same accounts for the advances
in the understanding of countertransference (Frank and Weiss, 2003; Gabbard, 1995; Plenker, 2005).