Hate in the Countertransference
[1947]
IN THIS PAPER I wish to examine one aspect of the whole subject of ambivalence, namely, hate in the countertransference. I believe that the task of the analyst (call him a research analyst) who undertakes the analysis of a psychotic is seriously weighted by this phenomenon, and that analysis of psychotics becomes impossible unless the analyst's own hate is extremely well sorted-out and conscious. This is tantamount to saying that an analyst needs to be himself analysed, but it also asserts that the analysis of a psychotic is irksome as compared with that of a neurotic, and inherently so.
在这篇文章里，我希望考查关于矛盾情感这整个主题的其中一个方面，即：反移情①(Countertransference)中的恨。我相信，这一现象加重了从事精神病人分析工作的分析师（称他为研究分析师）的任务，并且除非这些分析师意识到自己的恨是被处理得非常好，否则他的分析工作是不可能进行的。这相当于说，分析师自己需要被分析，但同时也宣称了，相比于神经症，精神病人天然地令人生厌。
Apart from psycho-analytic treatment, the management of a psychotic is bound to be irksome. From time to time I have made acutely critical remarks about the modern trends in psychiatry, with the too easy electric shocks and the too drastic leucotomies. (Winnicott, 1947, 1949.) Because of these criticisms that I have expressed I would like to be foremost in recognition of the extreme difficulty inherent in the task of the psychiatrist, and of the mental nurse in particular. Insane patients must always be a heavy emotional burden on those who care for them. One can forgive those engaged in this work if they do awful things. This does not mean, however, that we have to accept whatever is done by psychiatrists and neuro-surgeons as sound according to principles of science.
除去精神分析治疗外，对精神病人的管理②(management)也注定是令人生厌的。关于现代精神病学过于容易（使用）的电休克治疗和过于极端的前额脑白质切除手术的发展趋势，我也时常会有尖锐的批评。(温尼科特，1947，1949)因为这些批评，我更愿意最先承认精神病医师，特别是精神科护士的工作属性本来就是极端的艰难的。疯癫的病人总是给那些照顾他们的人带来沉重的情感负担。我们（甚至）可以原谅那些致力于此工作的人（可能）做出的（任何）可怕的事情。但这并不意味着我们必须接受精神病专家和神经外科医生所有听起来像是有科学依据的所作所为。
① 译者注：依照弗洛伊德的德文原意，transference应译为转移, 同理countertransference应译为反转移。这里译作反移情仅仅是为了方便国内读者理解，遵从国内心理学界的普（cuo）遍（wu）译法。下同。
② 译者注：管理一词是温尼克特的特有术语，一般用于在精神病治疗环境中，对病人的护理上。同样适用于在儿童和反社会倾向的青少年的治疗中，分析师把管理作为一种抱持环境的使用。
Therefore although what follows is about psycho-analysis, it really has value to the psychiatrist, even to one whose work does not in any way take him into the analytic type of relationship to patients.
因此，尽管下文是有关精神分析治疗的，它实际上对精神病医生是有价值的，即使是对那些其工作中，无论如何也不可能与病人建立起与分析类型的关系的精神科医师们也是如此。
To help the general psychiatrist the psycho-analyst must not only study for him the primitive stages of the emotional development of the ill individual, but also must study the nature of the emotional burden which the psychiatrist bears in doing his work. What we as analysts call the countertransference needs to be understood by the psychiatrist too. However much he loves his patients he cannot avoid hating them and fearing them, and the better he knows this the less will hate and fear be the motives determining what he does to his patients.
为了能促进到常规的精神科医生，精神分析师不但必须替他(精神科医生)研究病人的个体情感发展原初阶段，也要研究精神病医生在工作中肩负的情感负担的本质。精神病医生也要理解我们分析师所谓的反移情。不论他有多爱他的病人们，他都不能避免恨他们和惧怕他们，越了解这些，恨与恐惧就越不会成为他对待病人的决定性动机。
One could classify countertransference phenomena thus:
我们可以把反移情现象做如下分类：
1. Abnormality in countertransference feelings, and set relationships and identifications that are under repression in the analyst. The comment on this is that the analyst needs more analysis, and we believe this is less of an issue among psycho-analysts than among psychotherapists in general.
1、反移情感受中的异常，让（分析中）的关系与认同被分析师所压抑。这意味着分析师需要更多的个人分析，我们相信，相比于一般的心理治疗师，这在精神分析师那里不是一个大问题。
2. The identifications and tendencies belonging to an analyst's personal experiences and personal development which provide the positive setting for his analytic work and make his work different in quality from that of any other analyst.
2、出于分析师个人经历与发展的认同与行为倾向，这种认同与倾向为分析师的分析工作设置并使其工作有别于其他分析师。
3. From these two I distinguish the truly objective countertransference, or if this is difficult, the analyst's love and hate in reaction to the actual personality and behaviour of the patient, based on objective observation.
3、从以上两点，我辨识出真正的客观的反移情，或者说，（尽管是很困难的），基于客观观察的分析师对病人的实际人格和行为所作出的爱与恨的反应。
I suggest that if an analyst is to analyse psychotics or antisocials he must be able to be so thoroughly aware of the countertransference that he can sort out and study his objective reactions to the patient. These will include hate. Countertransference phenomena will at times be the important things in the analysis.
我建议若一个分析师要分析精神病患者或者是反社会型人格患者的话，他必须要有能力完全意识到自己的反移情才行，以便他能整理并且研究他对病人的客观反应。这其中也包括恨。在精神分析中，反移情现象有时将成为一件很重要的事情。
I wish to suggest that the patient can only appreciate in the analyst what he himself is capable of feeling. In the matter of motive: the obsessional will tend to be thinking of the analyst as doing his work in a futile obsessional way. A hypo-manic patient who is incapable of being depressed, except in a severe mood swing, and in whose emotional development the depressive position has not been securely won, who cannot feel guilt in a deep way, or a sense of concern or responsibility, is unable to see the analyst's work as an attempt on the part of the analyst to make reparation in respect of his own (the analyst's) guilt feelings. A neurotic patient tends to see the analyst as ambivalent towards the patient, and to expect the analyst to show a splitting of love and hate; this patient, when in luck, gets the love, because someone else is getting the analyst's hate. Would it not follow that if a psychotic is in a 'coincident love-hate' state of feeling he experiences a deep conviction that the analyst is also only capable of the same crude and dangerous state of coincident love-hate relationship? Should the analyst show love, he will surely at the same moment kill the patient.
我认为，病人仅仅能够欣赏分析师身上那些他自己能感觉到的东西。就动机而言，强迫症患者倾向于认为分析师是用一种无用的、强迫的方式在工作。轻躁狂的患者不会感到抑郁，除非是在剧烈的情绪转换状态下，对于这些在情感发展中抑郁状态尚未占得上风，无法感受深刻的内疚感，也无法感受关切与责任感的病人来说，他们不会把分析师的工作看做是分析师修复他自身内疚感的一种尝试。一个神经症患者倾向于认为分析师对患者持有矛盾(的态度)，并希望分析师展现出一种分裂的爱与恨；这个病人，幸运的时候会得到爱，因为其他某些人得到的是分析师的恨。依次类推，如果一个精神病患陷入到一种“爱恨并存”的感觉中，他是不是会深深地确信，分析师也只能同样陷入一种粗鲁而危险的爱恨并存的关系状态当中呢？一旦分析师表现出爱，他无疑将同时杀死病人。
This coincidence of love and hate is something that characteristically recurs in the analysis of psychotics, giving rise to problems of management which can easily take the analyst beyond his resources. This coincidence of love and hate to which I am referring is something distinct from the aggressive component complicating the primitive love impulse, and implies that in the history of the patient there was an environmental failure at the time of the first objectfinding instinctual impulses.
在对精神病患者分析过程中，这种爱恨同时存在是特征性地反复出现的，它给分析师带来超乎他对病人的管理（management）的问题。我指的爱恨并存，是一种与爱的原始冲动并发的侵略性成分所截然不同的东西，它意味着在病人经历里，第一次寻找客体的本能冲动的时侯存在着环境的匮乏。
If the analyst is going to have crude feelings imputed to him he is best forewarned and so forearmed, for he must tolerate being placed in that position. Above all he must not deny hate that really exists in himself. Hate that is justified in the present setting has to be sorted out and kept in storage and available for eventual interpretation.
如果分析师将要承受归罪于他的粗鲁的感情的话，他最好做好有备无患，因为他必须忍受被放置在这个位置上。首先，他绝对不能否认他自身真实存有的恨。在当前场景下合乎情理的恨，需要被区分并且保存下来，留待最终的解释。
If we are to become able to be the analysts of psychotic patients we must have reached down to very primitive things in ourselves, and this is but another example of the fact that the answer to many obscure problems of psycho-analytic practice lies in further analysis of the analyst. (Psycho-analytic research is perhaps always to some extent an attempt on the part of an analyst to carry the work of his own analysis further than the point to which his own analyst could get him.)
如果我们将要成为精神病患的分析师的话，我们必须能深入接触到我们自身非常原始的东西，这再次证明，许多精神分析实践中的晦涩问题的关键答案就在于分析师自身的更多的分析。（精神分析的研究或许总是在某种程度上，是分析师的一种尝试，努力使他自己的分析工作超越其分析师使他所能领悟到的程度）
A main task of the analyst of any patient is to maintain objectivity in regard to all that the patient brings, and a special case of this is the analyst's need to be able to hate the patient objectively:
分析师的主要任务，是对病人带来的一切保持客观，而其中的一个特殊情况是分析师能够客观地去恨病人：
Are there not many situations in our ordinary analytic work in which the analyst's hate is justified? A patient of mine, a very bad obsessional, was almost loathsome to me for some years. I felt bad about this until the analysis turned a corner and the patient became lovable, and then I realized that his unlikeableness had been an active symptom, unconsciously determined. It was indeed a wonderful day for me (much later on) when I could actually tell the patient that I and his friends had felt repelled by him, but that'he had been too ill for us to let him know. This was also an important day for him, a tremendous advance in his adjustment to reality.
不是有很多情况下我们的日常分析工作中分析师的恨是合理的吗?我的一个病人，极为强迫，在好多年里都是令我非常排斥的。我对此感觉不太好，直到分析出现了转变，病人变得可爱，然后我意识到，他的不可爱一直是活跃的、无意识决定的症状。（很久以后）当我终于可以告诉病人说我和他的朋友们曾对他感到厌烦的时候，这的确是一个美好的日子，但他过去曾经病得很严重以至于我们没办法告诉他。对他来说，这也是一个重要的日子，（表明）他朝向现实的调整有了惊人的进步。
在通常的分析中，分析师管理他自己的仇恨并不困难。这种恨是潜伏的。当然，主要是通过他自己的分析，他能从那些属于过去以及内在冲突的，无意识的巨大的恨中解脱出来。恨之所以不能表达甚至不能被感知的其它原因如下：
Analysis is my chosen job, the way I feel I will best deal with my own guilt, the way I can express myself in a constructive way.
精神分析是我选择的工作，是我能够最好地处理我的内疚感的渠道，是我能够用建设性的方式表达自己的渠道。
I get paid, or I am in training to gain a place in society by psychoanalytic work.
I am discovering things.
我获得报酬，或者为了通过精神分析的工作在社会上取得一个地位，我正处于训练中。
我正在探索一些事情。
I get immediate rewards through identification with the patient, who is making progress, and I can see still greater rewards some way ahead, after the end of the treatment.
我通过认同正在进步的病人即时获得回报，还有我能在治疗结束以后看到前面某种持续的更大的成就。
Moreover, as an analyst I have ways of expressing hate. Hate is expressed by the existence of the end of the 'hour'.
此外，作为一个分析师，我也有我表达恨的方法。恨通过存在着的分析的结束来表达出来。
I think this is true even when there is no difficulty whatever, and when the patient is pleased to go. In many analyses these things can be taken for granted, so that they are scarcely mentioned, and the analytic work is done through verbal interpretation of the patient's emerging unconscious transference. The analyst takes over the role of one or other of the helpful figures of the patient's childhood. He cashes in on the success of those who did the dirty work when the patient was an infant.
我认为这是真实的，即使没有任何困难，病人高兴的离开的时候。在很多的分析中，这些东西都是理所当然的，以至于几乎不会被提到，分析工作通过口头解释病人浮现出来的无意识的移情来达成。分析师扮演了病人童年时代里对他有帮助的人物中的某一角色。分析师最大程度上利用了在病人婴儿期曾做过苦差事的那些人的成就。
These things are part of the description of ordinary psycho-analytic work, which is mostly concerned with patients whose symptoms have a neurotic quality.
这些事是精神分析日常工作里所描述的一部分，它们大部分与具有神经症症状的病人有关。
In the analysis of psychotics, however, quite a different type and degree of strain is taken by the analyst, and it is precisely this different strain that I am trying to describe.
然而，在精神病患的分析中，分析师承受了相当不同类型和程度的压力(strain)，我想要描绘的正是这种不同的压力。
Recently for a period of a few days I found I was doing bad work. I made mistakes in respect of each one of my patients. The difficulty was in myself and it was partly personal but chiefly associated with a climax that I had reached in my relation to one particular psychotic (research) patient. The difficulty cleared up when I had what is sometimes called a 'healing' dream. (Incidentally I would add that during my analysis and in the years since the end of my analysis I have had a long series of these healing dreams which, although in many cases unpleasant, have each one of them marked my arrival at a new stage in emotional development.)
最近几天来，我发现我的工作做的不好。我在我的每一位病人身上都犯了错。这个困难源自我自身而且有部分私人原因，但主要是关于我与某个精神病患（研究）的关系达到了极限。当我做了一个有时被称为是“有治疗功效”的梦的时候，这困难就明朗化了。（顺便加一句，在我的这次分析中，以及这次分析结束后的几年里，我拥有了一长串这种有治疗功效的梦，尽管很多时候是令人不快的，但它们中的每一个都标识着我在情绪发展中到达了新阶段。）
On this particular occasion I was aware of the meaning of the dream as I woke or even before I woke. The dream had two phases. In the first I was in the 'gods' in a theatre and looking down on the people a long way below in the stalls. I felt severe anxiety as if I might lose a limb. This was associated with the feeling I have had at the top of the Eiffel Tower that if I put my hand over the edge it would fall off on to the ground below. This would be ordinary castration anxiety.
有这么一个特别的情景，在我醒来后，或者甚至是在醒来前，我就已意识到这梦的意义。这梦拥有两个阶段。在第一阶段，我在戏院中的‘顶层楼座’(gods)远远地俯视小隔间里的人们。我感到强烈的焦虑，好像我可能失去一只手或一条腿。这与我在埃菲尔铁塔顶端的感觉有关：那时我感觉把手放到了边界外面，它就会掉下去。这可能是普通的阉割焦虑。
In the next phase of the dream I was aware that the people in the stalls were watching a play and I was now related through them to what was going on on the stage. A new kind of anxiety now developed. What I knew was that I had no right side of my body at all. This was not a castration dream. It was a sense of not having that part of the body.
在这个梦的另一个阶段，我意识到人们在正厅的座位上观看着戏剧，也意识到我通过他们与舞台上发生的一切有了关联。一种新型的焦虑产生了。我所确信的是我根本没有右侧的身体。这不是阉割梦。这是一种缺失身体那个部分的感觉。
As I woke I was aware of having understood at a very deep level what was my difficulty at that particular time. The first part of the dream represented the ordinary anxieties that might develop in respect of unconscious fantasies of my neurotic patients. I would be in danger of losing my hand or my fingers if these patients should become interested in them. With this kind of anxiety I was familiar, and it was comparatively tolerable.
当我醒来，我就意识到，在那个特定的时刻，我已经在一个非常深的层次上理解了我的困难是什么。梦的第一部分代表了普通的焦虑，一种与我的神经症患者的无意识幻想有关并从中发展出的焦虑。如果这些病人变得对我的手或者手指感兴趣，我或许会有失去它们的危险。这种焦虑是我熟悉的，它是相对可忍受的。
The second part of the dream, however, referred to my relation to the psychotic patient. This patient was requiring of me that I should have no relation to her body at all, not even an imaginative one; there was no body that she recognized as hers and if she existed at all she could only feel herself to be a mind. Any reference to her body produced paranoid anxieties, because to claim that she had a body was to persecute her. What she needed of me was that I should have only a mind speaking to her mind. At the culmination of my difficulties on the evening before the dream I had become irritated and had said that what she was needing of me was little better than hair-splitting. This had had a disastrous effect and it took many weeks for the analysis to recover from my lapse. The essential thing, however, was that I should understand my own anxiety and this was represented in the dream by the absence of the right side of my body when I tried to get into relation to the play that the people in the stalls were watching. This right side of my body was the side related to this particular patient and was therefore affected by her need to deny absolutely even an imaginative-relationship of our bodies. This denial was producing in me this psychotic type of anxiety, much less tolerable than ordinary castration anxiety. Whatever other interpretations might be made in respect of this dream the result of my having dreamed it and remembered it was that I was able to take up this analysis again and even to heal the harm done to it by my irritability which had its origin in a reactive anxiety of a quality that was appropriate to my contact with a patient with no body.
然而，梦的第二部分涉及到我和精神病人的关系。这个病人曾经要求我和她的身体不能有一点关系，甚至不能有想象的关系；她认识不到自己的身体，如果她确实是存在的，也只能感觉到自己是一种精神。因为其声称她有一个身体是在迫害自己，所以任何对她身体的提及都会（使她）产生偏执型焦虑。她只需要我与她心与心的交流。在做那个梦之前的夜晚，我的困难达到了极致，我变得恼怒，并说她需要我的并不比吹毛求疵好多少。这件事造成了非常糟糕的影响，以至于用了数周的时间，才使得我们的分析工作从我的过失中恢复过来。然而,关键是我需要懂得我自己的焦虑，这在梦中体现为，当我尝试着和座位上人们正在观看的戏剧建立起关系的时候，我右侧身体的缺失。我右侧的身体是和这个特定的病人有关的一侧，因此被她那种对我们之间哪怕是想象中的联系的绝对拒绝所影响。这个拒绝使我产生了精神病类型的焦虑，比普通阉割焦虑更难忍受。无论这个梦还能做其他什么解读，我梦到它并记住它的结果是，我能再次开始分析了，甚至修复了（因我的）易怒而对分析所造成的伤害。我的这个易怒来自于反应性焦虑(reactive anxiety)，而这个反应性焦虑对于我同那个没有身体的病人的接触而言是毫不为过的。
The analyst must be prepared to bear strain without expecting the patient to know anything about what he is doing, perhaps over a long period of time. To do this he must be easily aware of his own fear and hate. He is in the position of the mother of an infant unborn or newly born. Eventually, he ought to be able to tell his patient what he has been through on the patient's behalf, but an analysis may never get as far as this. There may be too little good experience in the patient's past to work on. What if there be no satisfactory relationship of early infancy for the analyst to exploit in the transference?
也许在很长一段时间里,分析师必须准备好在不指望病人知道他正在做什么的情况下承受内在的压力(strain)。为了能做到这一点，他必须是很容易感知到他自己的恐惧和恨.他正处于一个尚未出生或者刚出生婴儿的母亲的位置上.最终,他应当能够告诉他的病人，他以病人的名义所经历的一切,但一个分析也许永远也达不到这个境地。也许病人过往经历中可供（分析师）利用的好的体验太少。如果在婴儿早期没有令人满意的关系给分析师在转移中利用,又该如何呢?
There is a vast difference between those patients who have had satisfactory early experiences which can be discovered in the transference, and those whose very early experiences have been so deficient or distorted that the analyst has to be the first in the patient's life to supply certain environmental essentials. In the treatment of a patient of the latter kind all sorts of things in analytic technique become vitally important, things that can be taken for granted in the treatment of patients of the former type.
在这(两种)病人之间存在着巨大的差异:（一种）病人拥有满意的早期经验（这个可以在转移中被发现）,（另一种病人）他们早期的经验是如此的匮乏或者扭曲以致于分析师不得不成为其生命中第一个提供某种环境要素的人。在后一种病人的治疗中，分析技术里的各种各样的事情，出现在治疗第一种病人时可能会被当作理所当然的事情,都变得极其重要。
I asked a colleague whether he does analysis in the dark, and he said: “Why, no! Surely our job is to provide an ordinary environment: and the dark would be extraordinary.” He was surprised at my question. He was orientated towards analysis of neurotics. But this provision and maintenance of an ordinary environment can be in itself a vitally important thing in the analysis of a psychotic, in fact it can be, at times, even more important than the verbal interpretations which also have to be given. For the neurotic the couch and warmth and comfort can be symbolical of the mother's love; for the psychotic it would be more true to say that these things are the analyst's physical expression of love. The couch is the analyst's lap or womb, and the warmth is the live warmth of the analyst's body. And so on.
我问一位同事是否在黑暗中做分析，他说：“为什么啊？（当然）不！我们的工作就是提供一个平常的环境：而黑暗是不寻常的。”他惊讶于我的问题。神经症患者的分析是他的（工作）方向。而在分析精神病患者时，提供并保持一个平常的环境本身就很可能是极其重要的，事实上，有时候，甚至比分析中必须给予的语言上的解释更为重要。对于神经症患者而言，沙发、温暖和舒适很可能就是母爱的象征；对于精神病患而言，这些东西更是分析师身体的爱的表达。沙发是分析师的大腿或子宫，温暖是分析师身体温度的活生生的体现等等。
There is, I hope, a progression in my statement of my subject. The analyst's hate is ordinarily latent and is easily kept so. In analysis of psychotics the analyst is under greater strain to keep his hate latent, and he can only do this by being thoroughly aware of it. I want to add that in certain stages of certain analyses the analyst's hate is actually sought by the patient, and what is then needed is hate that is objective. If the patient seeks objective or justified hate he must be able to reach it, else he cannot feel he can reach objective love.
希望我对这个主题的陈述有一个渐进的过程。分析师的恨通常是潜伏的而且容易一直这样。在精神病患的分析中，分析师冒着更大的压力(strain)，让他的恨潜伏起来,而他只能在完全意识到这一点的情况下做到这一切。我想要补充一点，就是在一些分析的某些特定阶段分析师的恨事实上会被病人搜寻，而这个时候需要的是客观的恨。如果病人寻找客观的或者合理的恨，他应该是可以触及到的，否则他就无法感受到他能触到客观的爱。
It is perhaps relevant here to cite the case of the child of the broken home, or the child without parents. Such a child spends his time unconsciously looking for his parents. It is notoriously inadequate to take such a child into one's home and to love him. What happens is that after a while a child so adopted gains hope, and then he starts to test out the environment he has found, and to seek proof of his guardians' ability to hate objectively. It seems that he can believe in being loved only after reaching being hated.
在这里引用破裂家庭孩子或者没有父母的孩子的案例也许是贴切的。这样的孩子无意识地花费时间去寻找父母。把这样的孩子带进一个家庭并且爱他是非常不合适的。通常发生的状况是，不久后这样被收养的孩子将会生出希望，接下来他开始彻底考验他所处的环境，并且寻找他的监护人有能力去客观的恨的证据。看起来好像他只有在相信他被恨之后才能相信自己被爱。
During the second World War a boy of nine came to a hostel for evacuated children, sent from London not because of bombs but because of truancy. I hoped to give him some treatment during his stay in the hostel, but his symptom won and he ran away as he had always done from everywhere since the age of six when he first ran away from home. However, I had established contact with him in one interview in which I could see and interpret through a drawing of his that in running away he was unconsciously saving the inside of his home and preserving his mother from assault, as well as trying to get away from his own inner world, which was full of persecutors.
在二战期间，一个九岁的男孩来到一个为撤离的儿童设立的旅馆，他从伦敦送离不是因为轰炸，而是因为逃学。我试图在他逗留旅店期间给他做一些治疗，但是他的症状赢了，他逃跑了，正如他从他待过的每个地方逃跑那样，自从他六岁时第一次从家里逃跑以后就如此。然而，在一次面谈中，我通过他的画,得以领会并能够解释，在逃跑中，他无意识地在挽救他的家庭内部，保护母亲免受家暴,同时也在试图逃避他那满是迫害者的内心世界。
I was not very surprised when he turned up in the police station very near my home. This was one of the few police stations that did not know him intimately. My wife very generously took him in and kept him for three months, three months of hell. He was the most lovable and most maddening of children, often stark staring mad. But fortunately we knew what to expect. We dealt with the first phase by giving him complete freedom and a shilling whenever he went out. He had only to ring up and we fetched him from whatever police station had taken charge of him.
当他出现在离我家很近的警察局的时候，我不是很惊讶。这是为数不多的对他并不熟知的警察局之一。我的妻子非常大方地接受了他，并让他在我家待了三个月，如地狱般的三个月。他是孩子中最可爱也是最令人恼火的，经常是令人完全抓狂的。但幸运的是我们预料到了。第一个阶段，我们这样对待他：给他充分的自由，无论何时当他出门时都给他一先令。无论他被哪个警察局接管，他只需要打一个电话，我们就把他接出来。
Soon the expected change-over occurred, the truancy symptom turned round, and the boy started dramatizing the assault on the inside. It was really a whole-time job for the two of us together, and when I was out.the worst episodes took place.
不久，预料中的转变发生了，逃学的症状不见了，男孩开始将暴力在内部戏剧化。对我们两个人而言，这真是一个全职的工作，并且当我外出时，最糟糕的一幕发生了。
Interpretation had to be made at any minute of day or night, and often the only solution in a crisis was to make the correct interpretation, as if the boy were in analysis. It was the correct interpretation that he valued above everything.
我们不得不随时地、不分昼夜地给出解释，而且经常是在危机中唯一所提供的是给出正确的解释，就好像男孩正在做分析一样。他将正确的解释看得高于一切。
The important thing for the purpose of this paper is the way in which the evolution of the boy's personality engendered hate in me, and what I did about it.
这篇文章最重要的目的在于说明,这个孩子的人格演变如何在我的身上引发恨，以及我是怎么处理的。
Did I hit him? The answer is no, I never hit. But I should have had to have done so if I had not known all about my hate and if I had not let him know about it too. At crises I would take him by bodily strength, without anger or blame, and put him outside the front door, whatever the weather or the time of day or night. There was a special bell he could ring, and he knew that if he rang it he would be readmitted and no word said about the past. He used this bell as soon as he had recovered from his maniacal attack.
我打了他吗？答案是没有，我从不这样做。但是，如果我不知道我的恨，如果我也不让他知道，可能会不得不打他。在他发作时，我会用身体的力量来制服他，不带有愤怒和责备，让他站在大门外，无论天气如何，是白天或者黑夜。有一个特制的门铃他可以按。并且他知道，如果他按了它，他会被重新接受并且我们会对发生过的事情只字不提。一旦他从发狂的攻击状态中恢复过来，便按这个门铃。
The important thing is that each time, just as I put him outside the door, I told him something; I said that what had happened had made me hate him. This was easy because it was so true.
重要的是，每次我把他放在门外，我会告诉他一些东西。我说，发生的这件事让我恨他。这是很容易的，因为它是如此的真实。
I think these words were important from the point of view of his progress, but they were mainly important in enabling me to tolerate the situation without letting out, without losing my temper and without every now and again murdering him.
我认为，从他进步的角度上来看，这些话语很重要；但最重要的是，这些话语使我能够容忍这样的情形，而不是打骂、发脾气，甚至是不时地想杀掉他。
This boy's full story cannot be told here. He went to an Approved School. His deeply rooted relation to us has remained one of the few stable things in his life. This episode from ordinary life can be used to illustrate the general topic of hate justified in the present; this is to be distinguished from hate that is only justified in another setting but which is tapped by some action of a patient.
这个孩子完整的故事没法在这里被讲完。他后来去了一所青少年管教学校（Approved School）。他与我们之间根深蒂固的关系，一直是他生命中的为数不多的稳定的事物之一。这个来自普通生活的一幕，可以用来说明在目前是有正当理由的恨这个一般性论题；它有别与另一种情形中合理的恨，但这种恨是被病人的某种行为触发出来的。
Out of all the complexity of the problem of hate and its roots I want to rescue one thing, because I believe it has an importance for the analyst of psychotic patients. I suggest that the mother hates the baby before the baby hates the mother, and before the baby can know his mother hates him.
在所有恨及其根源这个问题的复杂性之中，我想指出一点，因为我相信这对于和精神病患工作的分析师来说非常重要。我认为，在孩子开始恨母亲之前，母亲就开始恨孩子，而且，这是在孩子知道母亲恨他之前。
Before developing this theme I want to refer to Freud. In Instincts and their Vicissitudes (1915), where he says so much that is original and illuminating about hate, Freud says: 'We might at a pinch say of an instinct that it "loves" the objects after which it strives for purposes of satisfaction, but to say that it "hates" an object strikes us as odd, so we become aware that the attitudes of love and hate cannot be said to characterize the relation of instincts to their objects, but are reserved for the relations of the ego as a whole to objects…. ' This I feel is true and important. Does this not mean that the personality must be integrated before an infant can be said to hate? However early integration may be achieved—perhaps integration occurs earliest at the height of excitement or rage—there is a theoretical earlier stage in which whatever the infant does that hurts is not done in hate. I have used the term 'ruthless love' in describing this stage. Is this acceptable? As the infant becomes able to feel to be a whole person, so does the word hate develop meaning as a description of a certain group of his feelings.
在进一步阐述这个主题之前，我想引用弗洛伊德的论点。在《本能及其命运》（Instincts and their Vicissitudes ，1915）中，弗洛伊德在恨的问题上提出了许多独创的和有启发性的说法。弗洛伊德说：“我们在必要时可以说，在为达到满意的目标而努力争取之后，‘爱’这些客体是一种本能；但要是去说‘恨’一个客体是一种本能的话，我们则会莫名其妙。所以我们意识到，爱和恨的态度不能用来描述本能和其客体之间的关系，而是自我作为一个整体和客体之间的关系……”我认为这是正确且重要的。这难道不意味着在婴儿可以说会恨之前，人格必须是整合的吗？然而，早期的整合是可以实现的——整合可能最早发生在兴奋或愤怒的最高阶段——这个理论上更早的阶段是，不论婴儿做什么伤害他人的事都不是出于恨。我用“无情的爱”一词来描述这个阶段。这可以接受吗？当婴儿逐渐变得能感知自己是一个完整的人的时候，恨这个词才能发展出意义，用来描述他的某一部分感受。
The mother, however, hates her infant from the word go. I believe Freud thought it possible that a mother may in certain circumstances have only love for her boy baby; but we may doubt this. We know about a mother's love and we appreciate its reality and power. Let me give some of the reasons why a mother hates her baby, even a boy:
然而，母亲从一开始就是恨他的孩子的。我相信弗洛伊德认为，在某些特定的环境下，一个母亲有可能对她的儿子只有爱；但是，我们对此可以有所怀疑。我们了解母亲的爱，并欣赏它的真实性与力量。让我给出一些母亲恨孩子（即使是男孩）的理由：
The baby is not her own (mental) conception.
1、这个婴儿不符合她自己的（心中）设想。
The baby is not the one of childhood play, father's child, brother's child, etc.
2、婴儿不是童年的游戏，也不是父亲的孩子、兄弟的孩子等等。
The baby is not magically produced.
3、婴儿不是被奇迹般地生出来的。
The baby is a danger to her body in pregnancy and at birth.
4、在怀孕和出生的时候，这个婴儿对她的身体是一个威胁。
The baby is an interference with her private life, a challenge to preoccupation.
5、婴儿打扰了她的私人生活，对吸引它的事物来说是一个挑战。
To a greater or lesser extent a mother feels that her own mother demands a baby, so that her baby is produced to placate her mother.
6、这个妈妈或多或少地感到，她自己的母亲需要一个小孩，因此她生孩子只是为了安抚她的母亲。
The baby hurts her nipples even by suckling, which is at first a chewing activity.
7、婴儿在吮吸时甚至伤害到了她的乳头，刚开始（喝奶）时简直就是在嚼。
He is ruthless, treats her as scum, an unpaid servant, a slave.
8、他是无情的，视她为垃圾、一个没有报酬的仆人、一个奴隶。
She has to love him, excretions and all, at any rate at the beginning, till he has doubts about himself.
9、从一开始她不管怎样都得爱它，不论是他拉粑粑还是别的什么，直到这个孩子开始怀疑自己。
He tries to hurt her, periodically bites her, all in love.
10、他努力伤害她，周期性咬她，这还全都是出于爱。
He shows disillusionment about her.
11、他表现出对她的幻想破灭。
His excited love is cupboard love, so that having got what he wants he throws her away like orange peel。
12、令他兴奋的对她的爱就像对碗橱的爱，得到了他想要的之后，就把她像橘子皮一样丢弃了。
The baby at first must dominate, he must be protected from coincidences, life must unfold at the baby's rate and all this needs his mother's continuous and detailed study. For instance, she must not be anxious when hold-ing him, etc.
13、婴儿在开始的时候必须是主宰，他必须被保护免于意外，生活的节奏必须按照婴儿的步调来，所有这些，需要母亲连续而逐条地加以研究。比如，当她抱着他时必须不能焦虑，等等。
At first he does not know at all what she does or what she sacrifices for him. Especially he cannot allow for her hate.
14、最初，他一点也不知道她所做的事情，或者她为他所作的牺牲。尤其是他不能体谅她的恨意。
He is suspicious, refuses her good food, and makes her doubt herself, but eats well with his aunt.
15、他是多疑的，拒绝她提供的好食物，使她怀疑自己，而他却和七大姑八大姨吃得很好。
After an awful morning with him she goes out, and he smiles at a stranger, who says: 'Isn't he sweet?'
16、与他度过了一个糟糕的早上后外出，他对陌生人微笑，而那人说：“他多么可爱啊！
If she fails him at the start she knows he will pay her out for ever.
17、如果她一开始时辜负了他，她知道他会一直报复她。
He excites her but frustrates—she mustn't eat him or trade in sex with him.
18、他使她兴奋，但也使她感到挫败——她不能吃了他，也不能与他有性交易。
I think that in the analysis of psychotics, and in the ultimate stages of the analysis, even of a normal person, the analyst must find himself in a position comparable to that of the mother of a new-born baby. When deeply regressed the patient cannot identify with the analyst or appreciate his point of view any more than the foetus or newly born infant can sympathize with the mother.
我认为，在对精神病人的分析工作中，在分析的最后阶段（甚至是正常人的），分析师应当发现自己处于类似于新生儿母亲的位置上。在深度退行时，病人对分析师的认同或者其观点的领会，不会比胎儿或者新生儿与母亲的共鸣更多。
A mother has to be able to tolerate hating her baby without doing anything about it. She cannot express it to him. If, for fear of what she may do, she cannot hate appropriately when hurt by her child she must fall back on masochism, and I think it is this that gives rise to the false theory of a natural masochism in women. The most remarkable thing about a mother is her ability to be hurt so much by her baby and to hate so much without paying the child out, and her ability to wait for rewards that may or may not come at a later date. Perhaps she is helped by some of the nursery rhymes she sings, which her baby enjoys but fortunately does not understand?
'Rockabye Baby, on the tree top,
When the wind blows the cradle will rock,
When the bough breaks the cradle will fall,
Down will come baby, cradle and all.'
一个母亲必须能够容忍自己去恨她的孩子而不付诸任何行动。她不能向他表达这种恨意。出于害怕她可能要做的事情，如果她在被她的孩子伤害时不能适当的去恨，她就会陷入自虐中。我认为，正是这样才引出了女性是天生的受虐狂的错误理论。一个母亲最不寻常的地方，就在于她能够被孩子如此伤害，并且这么恨她的孩子却能不去报复他;(也)在于她能够等待未来那可能会有，也可能不会有的回报。或许某些她所唱的童谣对她是有帮助的？ 幸运的是她的宝宝很享受却听不懂。
“乖乖睡的宝宝在树梢，
风吹过，摇篮摇，
树枝枝断了，摇篮掉，
宝宝和摇篮一块儿掉。”
I think of a mother (or father) playing with a small infant; the infant enjoying the play and not knowing that the parent is expressing hate in the words, perhaps in terms of birth symbolism. This is not a sentimental rhyme. Sentimentality is useless for parents, as it contains a denial of hate, and sentimentality in a mother is no good at all from the infant's point of view.
我认为母亲（或父亲）在与婴儿玩这个游戏时，婴儿很享受这个游戏，却不知道也许从出生的象征性这个意义上讲，父母在话语里表达着恨。这不是多愁善感的儿歌。多愁善感包含了对恨的否认，它对父母来说是无用的，并且从婴儿的角度来看，母亲的多愁善感一点都没用。
It seems to me doubtful whether a human child as he develops is capable of tolerating the full extent of his own hate in a sentimental environment. He needs hate to hate.
我似乎吃不准，人类的孩子在其成长发育的过程中，是否能够在多愁善感的环境里，最大程度的容忍他自己的恨。他需要有恨才能去恨。
If this is true, a psychotic patient in analysis cannot be expected to tolerate his hate of the analyst unless the analyst can hate him.
如果这是正确的，那么在分析中，只有在分析师能够去恨他的精神病患者时，病人才能有可能去容忍他自己对分析师的恨。
If all this is accepted there remains for discussion the question of the interpretation of the analyst's hate to the patient. This is obviously a matter fraught with danger, and it needs the most careful timing. But I believe an analysis is incomplete if even towards the end it has not been possible for the analyst to tell the patient what he, the analyst, did unbeknown for the patient whilst he was ill, in the early stages. Until this interpretation is made the patient is kept to some extent in the position of infant — one who cannot understand what he owes to his mother.
如果所有这些都是可以接受的，那么现在只剩下讨论分析师如何解释对病人之恨这个问题了。这显然是件充满危险的事情，它需要对时机最小心的把握。但我相信，如果甚至到最后分析师都无法告诉病人，在病人患病期间，分析师在分析工作的早期瞒着病人做的事，那么这个分析就是不完整的。在做出这个解释之前，患者在一定程度上被放在了婴儿的位置上——他不能理解他对他的母亲亏欠了什么。
An analyst has to display all the patience and tolerance and reliability of a mother devoted to her infant; has to recognize the patient's wishes as needs; has to put aside other interests in order to be available and to be punctual and objective; and has to seem to want to give what is really only given because of the patient's needs.
分析师必须如同一个对她的婴儿一心一意的母亲那样，展现出他所有的耐心、宽容和可靠；必须把患者的愿望当做需要；必须把其他兴趣放到一边，以确保随叫随到、准时和客观；必须看上去像是想要仅是出于病人的需要而给予。
There may be a long initial period in which the analyst's point of view cannot be appreciated (even unconsciously) by the patient. Acknowledgement cannot be expected because, at the primitive root of the patient that is being looked for, there is no capacity for identification with the analyst; and certainly the patient cannot see that the analyst's hate is often engendered by the very things the patient does in his crude way of loving.
有可能在最初的很长一段时间里，分析师的观点无法被患者领会（即便是无意识的）。分析师的不被认可是因为，在被追寻的患者的原始根源里，缺乏对分析师产生认同的能力；而且患者当然无法领会到，分析师的恨常常是由患者自己，出于粗鲁方式的爱的所作所为造成的。
In the analysis (research analysis) or in ordinary management of the more psychotic type of patient, a great strain is put on the analyst (psychiatrist, mental nurse) and it is important to study the ways in which anxiety of psychotic quality and also hate are produced in those who work with severely ill psychiatric patients. Only in this way can there be any hope of the avoidance of therapy that is adapted to the needs of the therapist rather than to the needs of the patient.
在分析（研究分析）中，或者在平常对更严重的精神病患者的管理中，分析师（精神病医生和护士）承受了巨大的压力，对那些与严重精神病患者一起工作的人是如何产生精神病性质的焦虑和恨的研究是很重要的。只有藉此途径，那种基于分析师需要而不是患者之需要的治疗才能得以被避免。
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